化妆水二次清洁绝非人人适合

化妆水的主要作用是二次清洁，并且必须用化妆棉才能更好吸收，否则效果只有10%等等说法，流传已久。化妆水最初的开发目的到底是什么？它怎么就被慢慢说成“必须使用化妆棉用、最重要的功能是二次清洁”呢？
最近在读Textbook of Cosmetic Dermatology第四版，恰巧Dr. Zoe Diana Draelos写的第24章《Astringents, masks, and ancillary skin care products》中有一段专门讲述了“收敛剂“，主要就是化妆水。冰寒把这一段文字摘译并解读之，可以解答上述疑问。
原文：
Astringents areliquids applied to the face following cleansing. They comprise a broad categoryof formulations known by manyterms: toners, clarifying lotions, controllinglotions, protection lotions, skin fresheners, toning lotions, T-zone tonics,etc. Orig-inally, astringents were developed to remove alkaline soap scum fromthe face following cleansing with lye-based soaps and high–mineral content wellwater. The development of synthetic detergents (syndets) and public softenedwater systems greatly decreased the amount of post-washing residue. A new usefor astringents was found when cleansing cream became a preferred method ofremoving facial cosmetics and environment