Trees as Vital Food Source (树木是重要的食物来源)
2009-10-28 13:22阅读：
本文是2011年上半年河北省学位英语教程第十七单元课文
本文是2010年下半年河北省学位英语教程第十七单元课文
2009年9月版学位英语新增课文
第15单元
本单元课文英文部分由群（76707063）会员惊蛰录入，中文由博主录入。
第十七单元Trees as Vital Food
Source (树木是重要的食物来源)
Food insecurity is a
defining characteristic
of life for
many of the
world’s poorest people,
exacerbated(恶化) now by
climate change and
the
br />rise
in
food
prices.
Emergency
food
aid
has
been
the
staple
of
international
responses
to
crises,
such
as
drought
and
famine
for
decades.
However,it
is
much
better
that
the
emergency
is
addressed
before
it
happens.
Farmer
Arzouma
Thiombiano
from
eastern
Burkina
Faso
recalls
how
trees
saved
lives
in
the
mid
1980s.
”Over
20
years
ago,
a
big
famine
came
but
people
escaped
starvation
by
eating
baobabs
leaves
and
fruit,”
he
says.
Communities
living
in
countries
most
affected
by
food
shortages
have
long
known
about
the
key
role
that
trees
can
play
in
reducing
the
need
for
conventional
aid.
对于世界上的许多穷苦人来说，他们生活的最清晰的特征是食物的不安全感。那就是气候变化带来的环境恶化和上涨的食物价格。几十年以来，紧急食物救援一直是国际社会应对像干旱和饥荒这些危机的主要来源。不过，还好在危机到来之前紧急救助就被通知到了。来自BURKNIA
FASO的农民ARZOUMA THIOMBIANO
回忆起19世纪80年代中期，树木是怎么救了他们生命的。“20多年以前，一场大灾荒来了，不过人们是持猴面包树（非洲产的一种树）的叶子和果子躲过饥荒的”。他说。生活在国家社区里的人们大部分都受到食物短缺影响的，他们早就知道树木的重要作用，树木能减少他们对传统救助的需要。
Recognition
of
this
by
the
West,and
practical
support
for
a
localized
tree-based
soultion
is
urgently
needed.
Widespread
droughts
across
Africa
have
devastated
crops
this
year.
According
to
the
UN
Food
and
Agriculture
Organization(FAO),30
countries
around
the
world
are
in
crisis
and
require
help
from
overseas.
Fruits,leaves,wood
and
bark(树皮)
provide
the
vital
resources
for
rural
life.
The
effects
of
climate
change
are
making
droughts
more
of
a
norm
than
an
exception.
This
is
a
pattern
that
places
some
of
the
most
vulnerable
communities
in
an
increasingly
precarious(危险的)
position
when
it
comes
to
meeting
basic
food
needs.
西方社会也认识到了这一点，迫切需要的实践支持把以树木作为基本解决危机办法地方化。今年，遍布非洲的干旱毁坏了农作物。据联合国粮农组织称，世界上有30个国家正在经受危机并要求海外支援。水果，树叶，木头和树皮成为乡村人的生活提供了重要的食物来源。气候变化带来的影响。正在使干旱成为正常现象而不是例外。当遇上应付基本食物需求的时候，这种情况把一些最脆弱的社区置于了越来越危险的位置。
In
Burkina
Faso
in
West
Africa,
malnutrition(营养不良)
affects
nearly
40%
of
the
rural
poor.
Chimate
change
is
further
impacting
on
already
fragile
agricultural
lands,
and
high
food
costs
are
affecting
people’s
health.
“Conventional”
crops
are
often
not
native
and
require
expensive
inputs,significant
irrigation
and
land
preparation
in
order
to
produce
a
successful
harvest.
Food
from
trees
can
provide
vital
nutrition
when
other
food
crops
fail.
Trees
ofter
survive
when
other
crops
fail.
Commonly
seen
by
the
West
as
“famine
foods”,tree
foods
already
form
a
significant
part
of
daily
diets
across
rural
Africe.
Trees
provide
fruits,
nuts
eeds,leaves,flowers,sepals,even
sap,
which
can
all
be
used
as
food,
Data
shows
that
nursing
mothers
produce
more
milk
when
they
add
Moringa
leaves
to
their
diet.
The
leaves
can
be
dried
and
eaten
during
the
hungry
period,
and
animal
fodder(饲料)
from
trees
is
also
vital
in
producing
milk
and
meat.
The
fight
against
hunger
-
especially
in
drought-hit
times
-
must
target
those
at
the
center
of
world
poverty
-
smallholder
farmers
in
rural
Africa.
在西部非洲BURKNIA FASO
营养不良影响了将近百分之四十的乡村穷困人口。气候变化继续影响已经非常贫瘠的土地，高额的食物费用也影响人们的健康。传统的农作物通常不是当地的，为了获得丰收，需要高昂的投入，多的灌溉和土地的准备措施。当其他农作物歉收的时候可以从树上去来食物提供重要的营养。当其他农作物歉收的时候，树木却能活下来。通常被西方人看做是饥荒食物的树上食物已经成为非洲农村人每天营养来源的重要部分。树木提供水果坚果种子树叶花萼片甚至汁液，这些都能用作食物，资料显示在哺乳期妈妈的日常饮食中加入辣木的叶子，可以让她产更多的奶。在灾荒年月，可以把树叶弄干净吃，从树上获取饲料的动物们对他们的产奶和馋肉都是非常重要的。和饥饿作斗争---尤其是在干旱年月--必须瞄准世界贫困的中心--非洲的小农场主。
It
is
time
for
the
value
of
trees
to
be
recognized
at
all
levels
internationally.
Villagers
need
support
to
adopt
agro-forestry(农林业)
techniques,
which
boost
soil
fertility(产值)
and
provide
tree
food
crops
to
supplement
nutrition.
They
need
the
right
environment
to
invest
in
their
land,
the
ability
to
share
information,
and
modest
support
at
grass
roots
level.
Training
and
support
can
help
villagers
earn
money
from
things
that
grow
on
trees.
This
income
can
give
them
food-purchasing
power
when
crops
fail,
and
access
to
vital
services,
such
as
healthcare
and
education.
This
pproach
can
increase
self
sufficiency
for
both
rural
communities
and
national
economies.
It
can
increase
environmental
security,
diversify
livelihood
options
and
reduce
the
vulnerability
of
poor
ouseholds
to
climate
change
and
external
shocks.
早就应该把树木的价值在各个程度上国际化的被认识了。村民们需要在农业上提高土地产值的技术支持，也需要提供树木作物做营养补充。他们需要正确的投资环境投资他们的土地，需要分享信息的能力和在最底层的最谦虚的支持。培训和支持能帮助村民们从书上的东西上挣到钱。当他们的作物歉收的时候，这种收入能给与他们购买食物的能力，能让他们进入到最重要的服务中。向医疗保健和教育。这种方法在乡村社区和国家经济上，能增加自给自足能力，能增强社会环境的安全性，使生活选择多样化，减少贫困家庭对气候变化和外部环境的冲击时的束手无策。
It
can
bring
real,
sustainable
long-term
returns.
In
Dongo,
a
village
in
Burkina
Faso,
Tree
Aid’s
Village
Tree
Enterprise
project
aims
to
help
villagers
generate
income
from
tree
products.
All
the
participants
are
women.
One
of
their
husbands
explained:”During
the
last
drought
period,
when
my
granary
was
empty,
my
wife’s
income
contributed
more
than
50%
of
the
household’s
income.”
Projects
like
these
provide
communities
with
the
skills
and
support
to
manage
their
trees.
这种方法能带来真正的，持续的长远回报。在 DONGO,BURKNIA
FASO的一个村，“树木救助村庄”“树木企业”的计划目的是帮助村民从树木产品上产生收入。所有有参与者都是女性。其中一个妇女的丈夫解释说：“上一次干旱，我的谷仓都空了，我妻子的收入填补了家里百分之五十多的收入”诸如这类计划为社区提供了去管理树木的技术和支持。
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