阅读理解：Even though ulcers appear to run
2010-08-04 09:30阅读：
本题是2011年上半年学位英语教材第22单元的课后阅读理解。
本题是2010年下半年学位英语教材第22单元的课后阅读理解。
本题是2008年下半年学位英语教材第22单元的课后阅读理解。
本题是2009年下半年学位英语教材第22单元的课后阅读理解。
本题是2010年上半年学位英语教材第22单元的课后阅读理解。
Even though ulcers appear to run in families, lifestyle plays more
of a role than genetic factors in causing the illness, according to
a report in the April 13th Journal of Internal Medicine. In
particular, smoking and stress in men and the regular use
of pain-releasing medicines in women were linked with an increased
risk of developing an ulcer.
Overall, 61% of ulcer risk appears to be due to environmental
factors, such as smoking, and the remaining 39% is due to genes
according to Dr. Ismo Raiha of the University of Turky and
colleagues at the University of Helsinki, Finland. Some researchers
had suggested that families may spread Helicobacteria pylori, the
bacteria that can cause ulcers. However, the new study suggests
this is unlikely, according to the report.
Raiha and colleagues studied data from more than 13,000 pairs of
twins 'to examine the roles of genetic and environmental factors in
the origin of peptic ulcer disease,' they explain. Both twins were
more likely to develop an ulcer if the pair were genetically the
same as compared with a pair of fraternal twins, suggesting that
there must be some genetic susceptibility to ulcer
development.
However, the risk was no greater in twins living together
compared with twins living apart, suggesting that shared exposure
to H. pylori was not to blame.
'Environment effects were not due
to factors shared by family members, and they were related to
smoking and stress in men and the use of analgesics in women,'
the authors wrote. 'The minor effects of shared environment to
disease liability do not support the concept that the grouping of
risk factors, such as H. pylori infection, would explain the
genetic factor of peptic ulcer disease,' they concluded.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is a very
likely cause of ulcer in men?
A) Smoking and stress.
B) Drinking and smoking.
C) Genes and children.
D) Use of a certain medicine.
2. What factors contribute to over half the ulcers?
A) Hereditary factors.
B) Economic factors.
C) Environmental factors.
D) Genetic factors.
3. In relation to ulcers, experts study twins in order to
examine
A) the roles of genetic factors.
B) the roles of environmental factors.
C) the roles of both factors.
D) the roles of brotherhood.
4. What does 'environmental effects' in the fifth paragraph refer
to?
A) A clean environment with no smoke and dust surrounding the
living area.
B) Smoking and stress in men and use of pain-killing medicine in
Women.
C) Factors shared by family members such as genes and the food
they eat.
D) Shared exposure to H. pylori infection in the unclean
environment.
5. The passage argues that
A) ulcers are related to genes.
B) ulcers are related to lifestyle.
C) ulcers appear in men and women.
D) ulcers are caused by pylori infection.
KEY: ACCBB
“Environment effects were not due to factors shared by family
members, and they were related to smoking and stress in men and use
of analgesics in women.”
环境影响不是由于家庭成员共有的因素造成的，他们与男性的吸烟和压力，女性服用止痛剂有关。
1.According to the passage, which of the following is a very likely
cause of ulcer in men?
A .Smoking and stress.
2.What factors contribute to over half the ulcers?
C .Environmental factors.
3.In relation to ulcers, expers study twins in order to examine
C .both A and B
4.What does “environmental effects”(Line 2, Para 4) refer to?
B .Smoking and stress in men and use of pain-killing medicine in
women.
5.The passage argues that
B .ulcers are related to lifestyle.
【翻译】
据 4月13日内内科医药杂志的报道，即使有溃疡在家族中遗传，对于溃疡出现的原因，生活方式比基因的影响要大。尤其是在吸烟的男性和经常服用止痛药的女性，他们得溃疡的机率要高很多。
总体来说，61%的溃疡患者和环境因素有关，例如，吸烟。根据土耳其的瑞哈博士和芬兰的海尔斯恩大学的同事们的研究表明，剩下的31%的患者适合他们的基因有关。一些研究者表示家庭成员之间会传播，这种比你高度会引起溃疡。然而，最新的研究表明，以上研究是不可能引起溃疡的。
瑞恩和同事们对13000对双胞胎的研究，从他们身上检验环境因素在引发溃疡中的作用。研究表明，若果这对双胞胎的基因是相同的，那么他们更容易患上溃疡。这是因为他们身上肯定有一些溃疡基因。
然而生活在一起的双胞胎感染溃疡的可能性和不在一起生活的双胞胎的机率几乎是一样的。所以，双胞胎身上所共有的H基因并不是罪魁祸首。“环境影响不是由于家庭成员共有的因素造成的，它们与男性的吸烟和压力、女性服用止痛药有关。”最后，研究人员总结道：“共有的因素对引起溃疡的影响是微小的。
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