ig hole ____ the wall.
4)The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall.
3.in , on , to表方位
in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；to(范围外但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系
eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan.
3)Japan is to the east of China.
cross: 动词“跨过，越过”=go across
4.
across: （表面）跨过
through: （内部）穿过，贯穿
介词
eg. 1)Can you swim _____ the river?
2)The road runs __________ the forest.
3) _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.
5.
in + 时间段：与将来时连用
after + 时间段：与过去时连用
但after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。
1) I’ll leave _______ three o’clock.. That is, I’ll leave
________ about ten minutes.
2)They left _______ two weeks.
6. in the tree(外加在树上的事物)
on the tree(树上自身具有的花、果、叶等)
in the wall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)
7. on the wall(墙表面的事物)
1) There is a map ___ the wall
2) There are four windows ___ the wall.
8.by bike / bus / car / ship (单数且无冠词)
但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，则应使用相应的介词。
eg. by bike = on a(the; his) bike
by car = in a(the ; her) car
on: 在…（表面）上——接触
9.
over: 在…的正上方
above: 在…的斜上方
未接触
1) The moon rose ______ the hill.
2) There is a bridge _____ the river.
3) There is a book ______ the desk.
10. between: 在（两者）之间
among :在（三者以上）之间
1)A big crowd of people were waiting for Li Lida on the
beach. ________ them were his parents.
2)Tom sits ________Lucy and Lily.
11.on与about : 关于
on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等
about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及
eg. He gave a talk ____ the history of the Party
12. in front of :在…前面/方（范围外）= before
in / at the front of:在……前部（范围内）
1)There is a big tree _______ of the classroom.
2)A driver drives _________ of the bus.
类似区别：at the back of与behind
13.with和in: 表示“用“
with: 指“用工具、手、口等”
in: 指“用语言、话语、声音等”
1) Please write the letter ____ a pen.
2) Please speak ____ a loud voice.
14. on a farm ; in a factory ; the girl in the hat ; leave for:
动身前往某地
15.一些固定搭配：
（1）介词与动词的搭配
listen to , laugh at, get to, look for;
wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look
after, spend…on…, 等。
（2）介词与名词的搭配
on time, in time, by bus, on foot,
with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble,
at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。
（3）介词与形容词的搭配
be late for, be afraid of, be good at,
be interested in, be angry with,
be full of, be sorry for等。
六、连词: 从属连词和并列连词
（一）从属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词
（二）并列连词：
并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：
1.表并列关系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。
2. 表选择关系的or, either…or等。
3. 表转折关系的but, while（然而）等。
4.表因果关系的for, so等。
5.
and: “和”在肯定句中表并列
or: “和”在否定句中表并列
另外：1)or
“或者”用于选择疑问句
2)or “否则”
eg. ①.Which do you like better, tea or milk?
②.Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.
6.but “但是”表转折
eg. I listened, but I heard nothing.
注意：1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用
2)not … but
不是…而是
eg. This book isn’t mine but yours.
both… and : 既…又（连接主语为复数）
neither…nor: 既不…也不
连接两主
7.
either…or: 或者…或者
语后者决
not only … but also:不但…而且
定单、复
eg.1)Both he and I are students.
2)Neither he nor I am a student.
练 习
(
)1.___ the afternoon of May, we visited the old man.
A. On
B. At
C. In
(
)2.Many people work ___ the day and sleep ___ night.
A. on ; at
B. in ; in
C. in
; at
(
)3.He speaks Japanese best ____ the boy students.
A. between
B. with
C. among
(
)4.A wolf ___ a sheep skin is our dangerous enemy.
A. with
B. in
C. on
(
)5.Joan hopes to come back ___ three days.
A. after
B. for
C. in
(
)6.They sent the letter to me ___ mistake.
A. by
B.
for
C. with
(
)7.He left home ___ a cold winter evening.
A. at
B. on
C. in
(
)8.Shanghai is ____ the east of China.
A. in
B. on
C.
to
(
)9.____ my father’s help, I have finished my
composition.
A. Under
B. On
C. with
(
)10.He’s very strict ____ himself and he’s very strict
___ his work.
A. with ; in
B. in ; with
C. with ; with
(
)11.I really can’t agree ____ you.
A. to
B. on
C. with
(
)12.The shop won’t open ___ nine in the morning.
A. until
B.
at
C. during
(
)13.How about ___ the flowers now?
A. watering
B. are watering C.
watered
(
)14.She spent all his money ___ books.
A. in
B. with
C. on
(
)15.They are talking ___ low voices.
A. with
B. in
C. on
(
)16.It’s very kind ___ you to help us.
A. for
B. to
C. of
(
)17.What will you have ___ breakfast this morning?
A. with
B.
for
C. by
(
)18.A plane is flying ____ the city.
A. on
B. over
C.
above
(
)19.You are free to speak ___ the meeting.
A. at
B. in
C. on
(
)20.Mr. Green will stay in China___ Friday.
A. to
B. on
C. till
(
)21.It’s wrong to play tricks ___ other people.
A. on
B. of
C. with
(
)22.Which color do you like? I prefer blue ___ red.
A. for
B. as
C. to
(
)23.The student will give us a talk ___ how to use our
spare time.
A. for
B. on
C. in
(
)24.I paid two hundred yuan ___ that kind of
bicycle.
A. in
B. for
C. on
(
)25.The doctor is very kind ___ his patients
A. to
B. on
C. at
(
)26.We can’t live ___ air.
A. in
B. with
C. without
(
)27.The child was afraid ___ the strange sound.
A. at
B. for
C. of
(
)28.He was very angry ___ her for being late.
A. for
B. with
C. at
(
)29.What do you think ___ the play?
A. about
B.
like
C. of
(
)30.I think it’s the right way to work out the problem,
but I am not sure _____ it.
A. do
B. for
C. of
(
)31.Reading ___ the sun isn’t good ___ you
A. under ; for
B. in ; for
C. in ; to
(
)32.I won’t ask about it, I’m going to see it ____ my own
eyes.
A. by
B. for
C. with
(
)33.We go to school every day ____ Sunday.
A. except
B. without
C. on
(
)34.There is a small river ___ the two towns
A.
in
B. between
C.
among
(
)35.Li Lei sometimes falls asleep ___ the lesson.
A. for
B. through
C. during
(
)36.Mr. Black went to Paris ___ a few days.
A. for
B. in
C. after
(
)37.They will leave ________ London next month.
A. to
B. from
C. for
(
)38.Are you going to the zoo ___ bus or ___ my car?
A. on ; by
B. by ; in
C. on ; in
(
)39.He woke up several times ___ the night
A. in
B. at
C. on
(
)40.No one can stop her ___ going away.
A. of
B. from
C. out of
(
)41.What do you mean ___ “bao zhi”?
A. on
B. with
C. by
(
)42.You’ll get a nice present ____ your parents____ your
birthday.
A. from ; on
B. for ; at
C. frm ; in
(
)43.Light comes in ____ the window.
A. from
B. across
C.
through
(
)44.There are many apples ___ the tree. A bird ___ the
tree is picking an apple.
A. in ; on
B. on ; in
C. in ; at
(
)45. “Who are you going to play ____?”
“Grade
Two.”
A. about
B. by
C. against
(
)46. Don’t go ___ the street. The bus is coming.
A. cross
B. across
C.
past
(
)47.He lives ___ the twentieth floor ___ No. 154
Zhongshan Street.
A. on ; at
B. in ; in
C. on ;
in
(
)48.He found a piece of useful information ___ the
Internet.
A. at
B. on
C. in
(
)49.___ my surprise, he lost the game.
A. With
B. To
C. On
(
)50.The blind man knows the money ___ touching and
feeling it.
A. with
B. by
C. through
(
)51. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5
o’clock ______ the morning.
A. on; in
B. at; in
C. at; on
D. in;
on
(
)52. Where’s Lily? We are all here _______ her.
A. beside
B. about
C. except
D. with
(
)53. She sent her friend a postcard _______ a birthday
present.
A. on
B. as
C. for
D. of
(
)54. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _______ the
year of 2000.
A. since
B. in
C.
on
D. by
(
)55. ---What is a writing brush, do you know?
---It’s _______ writing and drawing.
A. with
B. to
C. for
D. by
(
)56. English is widely used ______ travellers and
business people all over the world.
A. to
B. for
C. as
D.
by
(
)57. ______ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the
other students.
A. Under
B. In
C. With
D. On
(
)58. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China, and Macao is
______ the west of Hong Kong.
A. in; to
B. to; to
C. to; in
D. in;
in
(
)59. ---You’d better not go out now. It’s raining.
---It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep
______ rain.
A. in
B. of
C. with
D. off
(
)60. Japan lies ______ the east of China.
A. to
B. in
C. about
D. at
(
)61. ---Will the foreigners have any problems talking
with Chinese in 2008?
---I don’t think so. Now ______ the young
______ the old can speak some English.
A. either…or
B. not only…
but also
C. neither…nor
D. both…or
(
)62. We didn’t catch the train _______ we left
late.
A. so
B. because
C. but
D.
though
(
)63. Tom failed in the exam again _______ he wanted to
pass it very much.
A. if
B. so
C. though
D. as
(
)64. I won’t believe that the five-year-old boy can read
five thousand words ______ I have tested him myself.
A. after
B. when
C. if
D. until
(
)65. The book was so interesting that he had read it for
three hours ______ he realized it.
A. when
B. until
C. after
D. before
(
)66. ---This dress was last year’s style.
---I think it still looks perfect
______ it has gone out this year.
A. so that
B. even though
C. as if
D. ever since
(
)67. Hurry up, _______ you will miss the train.
A. and
B. so
C.
however
D. or
(
)68. The mountain was ______ steep _____ few people in
our city reached the top.
A. so…as
B. so…that
C. as…as
D. too…to
(
)69. ---Do you remember our pleasant journey to
Xi’an?
---Of course. I remember everything
______ it happened yesterday.
A. as soon as
B. even though
C. rather than
D. as if
(
)70. ______ you can’t answer this question, we have to
ask someone else for help.
A. Although
B. While
C. Whether
D. Since
七、形容词、副词的比较等级
1.原级：表示A与B在某方面相同。
句型：1) A + 谓 + as +
原级 + as + B
2) A + 谓(否定) + as/so +
原级 + as + B
A与B在某方面不同
注意：not as / so… as = less than 不及；不如
eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.
2)You don’t eat so much as I
3)This book isn’t as interesting as that one
= This book is ___ ________ _____ that one
2.比较级：
两者进行比较（常与than连用）
1)I am
cleverer than you 我比你聪明。
2)He runs
faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。
3)I picked
more apples
than
Jim.我比你摘的苹果多。
4)Which is
more interesting, t
his one or that
one? 哪本书更有趣，这本还是那本？
3.最高级：
三者（或三者以上）进行比较（
常与表范围的in ,
of短语连用）
(
注意：of +
个体名词单数 in +
集合名词 )
eg. 1)Shanghai is the
biggest city
in China.
2)He runs
fastest in our class.
3)He is the
tallest of the three boys.
4)Which is
the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or
Lesson3 ?
4.形、副比较等级的其他用法
1) “比较级and 比较级” 表示 “越来越……”
eg. lazier and lazier 越来越懒
(
但注意：如果多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + 形、副)
eg. more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮
2) “the比较级，the比较级”
“越……，越……”
eg. the more, the better 多多益善
_________ you are, _______ you will get.
你越懒，收获越少。
3) “the比较级of +二者” “二者中较……的一个”
eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.
2)
Of(A) the two
books(B) this
one(C) is
thicker(D).
_________
4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较级”
eg. He’s
a head taller than me.
My brother is
two years older than
me
5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + as…as”
eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one.
这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。
2)He has four times as many books as I have
他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。
6)区别older / elder与farther / further
older（年龄较老的）
elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）
eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me.
farther (指距离“较远的”)
further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)
eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies.
2)Fusun is _________ from our school than Zhaohua.
形、副比较等级还应注意
1.比较级前用
a little ;
much / a lot ;
even /
still来加强语气，表示“
……一点儿；
……得多 ；
更……”
eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿
2)much more 多得多
3)even heavier更重
但注意：不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。
2.比较级必须是同类事物相比（即as; than后的词应与主语是同类事物），
注意常用漏的代词有：that;
those; one; ones
eg. 1)The
apples (A)
in this basket (B)
are
redder (C) than
in that basket(D).
_________
2)
This knife (A)
isn’t (B)
so (C) new as
that (D).
_______________
3)
Our classroom (A)
is (B)
bigger (C) than
Lily(D).
_______________
3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“any other +
单数名词”来进行比较。
eg.1）
Betty(是个体) is cleverer than
any student in her
class(是整体).
(
×
)
正：Betty is cleverer than any other student in her class.
=Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her class.
=Betty is the cleverest in her class.
(特别注意以上三种句型的转换)
2)China is bigger than any country in Africa.
中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
3) China is bigger than any other country in Asia.
中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。
*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。
eg. Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( × )
(all her sisters已排除了Mary)
改：Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.
5.表示“第二、第三……”时，可在最高级前加“second , third, …”（但“第一”不能用first）
eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China.
改错：________________
附：形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则
A、规则变化
1.“辅 + y”结尾，变y为i加er , est
(但“形 + ly ”构成的副词除外)
2.双写加er , est
3.直接加 er , est / r, st
4.在多音词前加more , most (以“形 + ly ”构成的副词也在前加more , most)
B、不规则变化
原级
|
比较级
|
最高级
|
good/well
|
better
|
best
|
many/much
|
more
|
most
|
bad/ill/badly
|
worse
|
worst
|
little
|
less
|
least
|
old
|
older/elder
|
oldest/eldest
|
far
|
farther
further
|
farthest
furthest
|
另外：
1)
以-er , -ow , -ble ,
-ple结尾的双音节词加er, est / r, st.
narrow ________
________
simple _________
_________
able _______
_______
2)
tired__________
__________
pleased ___________
____________
3) often ________________
_____________
friendly_______________
____________
4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最高级前一般不加the
(但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。
eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) ________
5)形容词作表语、定语，
修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语，只能表语：ill ; alone ;
asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).
副词作状语，
修饰动词。
练 习
一、写出下列词的比较级和最高级
thin ____
____
easy _____
______
early ______
______ new ______
______
hot ______
______ clever ______ _______
little _____
______ late _____
______
narrow______ ______fat _____
______
many ______
_____ big _____
______
dangerous__________
___________
wonderful __________
___________
careful __________
____________
slowly __________
____________
popular __________
____________
二、选择填空
(
)1.Which language is ____ , English, French or
Chinese?
A. difficult
B. the difficult
C. more difficult D. the most difficult
(
)2.Yangpu Bridge is one of ___ in the world
A. bigger bridge
B. the biggest bridge
C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges
(
)3.Tom is taller than Mike. But he is not ____
Mike.
A. strong as
B. so strong as
C. so strong
D. as strong
(
)4.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting
______.
A. more and rich
B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer D. rich and rich
(
)5.This text is ____ easier and ____ interes- ting than
that one.
A. more ; much
B. much ; more
C. more ; more
D. much ; much
(
)6.Which do you like ____, beef, pork or chicken?
A. good
B. well
C. better
D. best
(
)7.Put on more clothes. It is snowing ___ outside. A.
strongly
B. heavy
C. heavily
(
)8.John drives as ___ as Tom.
A. carefully
B. good
C. nice
D. fine
(
)9.Is China larger than ____ in Africa.
A. any country
B. any other country
C. any countries
D.
all countries
(
)10.My ___ brother is ___ than I.
A. elder, three years older B. older ; older
C. older; three years elder D. elder ; elder
(
)11.Li Mei is more beautiful than ___ in her class.
A. any girl
B. any other girl
C. all the girls
D. any
girls
(
)12.This problem is ___ than that one.
A. ten times easy
B. ten times easier
C. ten times more easy D. ten time easier
(
)13.This film is ___ interesting than that one.
A. more
B. much
C. very
D.
the most
(
)14.There is ___ in today’s newspaper.
A. interesting nothing B. nothing interesting
C. interested nothing D. nothing interested
(
)15.The teacher asked all the students in the class to
keep their eyes ____.
A. close
B. to close
C. closing D. closed
(
)16.The fat man always says his meat looks ____ and sells
_____.
A. good ; good
B.
well ; well
C. good ; well
D. well ; good
(
)17.It seems that men are ____ making computers than
women.
A. better at
B. good
at
C. well in
D. weak
in
(
)18.The word’s population is growing fast every minute,
especially in some ___ countries
A. west
B. more developed
C. east
D. less developed
(
)19.This bridge is not ___ long and wide ____ the one in
my hometown.
A. so ; as B. very ; than C. too; as D. very ; as
(
)20.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is ___ one of
all the movie songs.
A. the most beautiful
B. most beautiful
C. much more beautiful D. a beautiful
(
)21.Lin Tao is as ___ as Zhang Hua.
A. strong
B. stronger
C. strongest
D. the strongest
(
)22.Sara is ___ tired ___ move after the hard work.
A. very ; to
B. quite ; to
C. too ; to
D. so ; that
(
)23. Jack didn’t run ___ to catch the bus.
A. enough fast
B. quickly enough
C. enough slow
D.
slowly enough
(
)24.The driver is very ___. He often drives his car
_____.
A. careful ; careful
B. carefully;
carefully
C. carefully ; careful
D. careful ;
carefully
(
)25.Look! All the children are working ___ on the
farm.
A. careful B. hard
C. busy
D. happy
(
)26.The population of Shanghai is ___ than that of
Xi’an.
A. smaller B. fewer
C. much
D. larger
