having a hard time finding articles. I don’t even know where to
start looking.
1. Why does the student go to see the librarian?
To sign up for a seminar on using electronic sources for
research
To report that a journal is missing from the reference area
To find out the procedure for checking out journal articles
To ask about how to look for resources for a class paper
对话的第一题通常为主旨大意题，考察考生对听力文本基本内容的把握和理解，主要表现于询问“讨论了什么”、“交谈的目的是什么”，一般通过对前三、四句话的准确理解即可回答,能从文中直接找到对应的答案。
对话的最开始，学生请求图书管理员的帮助，当管理员问他什么事的时候，他回答他要为心理课做文献综述，但不知道如何开始寻找文章（I’m
supposed to do a literature review for my psychology course, but
um…having a hard time finding articles. I don’t even know where to
start looking），也就是需要知道如何为课堂论文找资料（To ask about how to look for
resources for a class paper），即第四个选项。
Librarian
You said this is for your psychology course, right? So your focus
is on …
Student
Dream Interpretation.
Librarian
Well, you have a focus, so that’s already a good start. Hmmm… well,
there’re a few things… Oh wait… have you checked to see if your
professor put any material for you to look at on reserve?
Student
Aha, that’s one thing I did know to do. I just copied an article,
but I still need three more on my topic from three different
journals.
Librarian
Let’s get you going on looking for those then. We have printed
versions of twenty or so psychology journals in the Reference
Section. These are the ones published within the last year. Then I
think about it… there’s a journal named Sleep and Dream.
Student
Oh, yeah, the article I just copied is from that journal, so I’ve
got to look at other sources.
Librarian
Ok, actually, most of our materials are available electronically
now. You can access psychology databases or electronic journals and
articles through the library’s computers, and if you want to search
by title with the word ‘dream’ for example, just type it in and all
the articles with ‘dream’ in the title will come up on the
screen.
2. What does the librarian say about the availability of journals
and articles in the library?
They are not easy to find if a professor put them on reserve
Most of them are accessible in an electronic format
Most of them can be checked out for three weeks
Printed versions from the past three years are located in the
reference section.
第二题是细节题,需要考生对文本内的几处细节有很好的把握,从而能够区分选项的正误，选出唯一的正确答案。选项中一般将会给出一个与文本相符的答案和几个与听力原文相悖的选项。此题中，列有一个正确答案和两个与原文不符的选项，还有一个在听力文本中并未被提及的内容项。即使考生不确定正确无误的选项，也可使用排除法，一一筛选排查，根据分析和比对，最后得出答案。
我们具体来分析这道题。第一个选项说教授放至预约区的书不容易找到（They are
not easy to find if a professor put them on
reserve），但根据对话可以得知管理员问学生是否检查了教授的预约书（have you checked to see if your
professor put any material for you to look at on
reserve?），学生也说已经拷贝了（that’s one thing I did know to do. I just
copied an article），说明不存在困难；
第二个选项说大多数的书籍有电子版（Most of them are
accessible in an electronic format），这和对话中的内容（most of our materials
are available electronically now）相符；
第三条说书籍可以外借三周（Most of them can be checked
out for three weeks），这是没有提及的干扰项。
最后一项也是与文本相悖的答案，不是选项所说的参考书目区有前三年的复印版（Printed
versions from the past three years are located in the reference
section.），而是去年（We have printed versions of twenty psychology
journals in the Reference Section. These are the ones published
within the last year. ）。
Student
Cool, that’s great! Too bad I cannot do this from home.
Librarian
But you can. All of the library’s databases and electronic sources
can be accessed through any computer connected to the university
network.
Student
Really?! I can’t believe I didn’t know that. It still sounds like
it’s gonna take a while though, you know, going through all of that
information, all of those sources.
5. Why does the woman say this
She had forgotten about the information
She is surprised she was not aware of the information
She is annoyed that the information was published only
recently
She is concerned that the librarian gave her incorrect
information
此题为语用题，考察考生对特定语境下说话者的语气和态度的语用理解，由于经常伴随重听，也称为重听题。学生先说只能在图书馆查资料，不能在家里（Too
bad I cannot do this from home），而管理员纠正指出家里的电脑也可以登录图书馆系统（But you
can. All of the library’s databases and electronic sources can be
accessed through any computer connected to the university
network.），这时学生表现出了诧异（Really?! I can’t believe I didn’t know that.
），说明她很吃惊她竟然不知道这一点（She is surprised she was not aware of the
information）。
Librarian
Maybe, but you already narrow your search down to articles on Dream
Interpretation, so it shouldn’t be too bad. And you probably notice
that there’s an abstract or summary at the top of the first page of
the article you copied. When you go into the databases and
electronic sources, you have the option to display the abstracts on
the computer screen. Skimming those to decide whether or not you
want to read the whole article should cut down some time.
3. What does the librarian suggest the student should do to save
time?
Choose an easier research topic
Concentrate on five journals
Read the summaries of the articles first
Install a new program on her home computer
此题亦为细节题，但与第二题不同的是，此题稍为简单，除却一个正确答案，其余三项皆为文中没有出现过的话题，容易甄别。对话文本中提及每篇文章都有摘要或总结，先浏览这个可以节约时间（you
probably notice that there’s an abstract or summary at the top of
the first page of the article you copied. When you go into the
databases and electronic sources, you have the option to display
the abstracts on the computer screen, skimming those to decide
whether or not you want to read the whole article should cut down
some time.），管理员以此提醒学生这么做，所以选第三项。
Student
Right, abstracts! They’ll definitely make the project more durable.
I guess I should try out the electronic search while I’m still here
then, you know, just in case.
Librarian
Sure, er… that computer’s free over there, and I’ll be here till
five this afternoon.
4. What can be inferred about why the woman decides to use the
computer in the library?
She thinks she might need additional help from the man
She does not have a computer at home
She has to hand in her assignment by the end of the day
She will be meeting a friend in the library later on
此题为语用题，试探考生对对话中的隐含意思的理解。原文中女学生说道“you know,
just in
case”，暗示她认为说不定在查资料的过程中仍会遇到问题，在图书馆里查阅可以询问管理员、得到帮助和指导。管理员听出了她的言外之意，所以回答“
I’ll be here till five this
afternoon”，告诉她五点前自己都在，可以随时解答她的问题。虽然两人都没有说破这个意思，但从话语间可以猜得一二，学生认为自己在查询过程中需要管理员的额外帮助（She
thinks she might need additional help from the
man），即第一个选项为正确答案。
Student
Thanks, I feel a lot better about this assignment now.
梳理了这一篇对话的结构和内容，我们再来看一篇
，TPO 1 Conversation
2。同学们可以自行寻找信号词、中心内容和题目的对应关系。
Narrator
Listen to part of a conversation between a student and his
professor.
Professor
Hi Mathew, I’m glad you can come in today. You’ve been observing
Mr. Grable’s third-grade class for your approaches to education
paper, right?
18. What is the conversation mainly about
A lesson Matthew prepared for his students
A class Matthew has been observing
A term paper that Matthew has written
A problem in Matthew's classroom
对话的第一题通常为主旨大意题，考生能从对话的前三句获得答题线索，并通过对完整对话的宏观把握来得出最终结果。
Student
Hmmm, yes. I go over the Johnson Elementary School, you know, to
watch Mr. Grable teach the children in class. It’s been amazing, I
mean, I’m just learning so much from just watching him. I’m so glad
the classroom observations are a requirement for the education
program. I mean it’s like the best thing ever to prepare you to be
a good teacher.
19. What is Matthew's opinion about observing Mr. Grabell's
third-grade class?
It will help him become a more effective teacher
It could help improve his study habits
It has improved his public-speaking skills
It may be the most difficult assignment he has had
细节题。
Professor
Well, I’m glad to see you feel that way, Mathew. You know, that’s
the goal. So, I’ve been reading over your observation notes and I’m
quite interested in what’s going on, in particular what’s the
astronomy unit he’s been teaching.
Student
The astronomy unit?
Professor
It seems that Mr. Grable has mastered the interdisciplinary
approach to teaching — the way we’ve been talking about in
class.
Student
Oh! OK, yeah, so like when he was teaching them astronomy, he
didn't just teach them the names of the planets, he used it as a
way to teach mythology.
Professor
Really! So, how did he do that?
Student
Well, some of the students could already name the planets, but they
didn’t know that the names had any meaning — the stories behind
them.
Professor
So, he…
Student
He introduced Greek and Roman mythology as a way of explaining.
Like, you know, how like Jupiter’s the biggest planet, right, and
how Jupiter was the name of the king of the gods in Roman
mythology, right? So since Jupiter, the planet, is the largest
planet in our solar system, it’s like the king of the planets, like
Jupiter was the king of all the gods.
20. Why does Matthew mention Greek and Roman mythology?
To identify a topic frequently discussed in third grade
To get the professor's opinion about a lesson he taught
To make a suggestion to improve the class he is taking
To illustrate a technique used to teach a third-grade class
语用逻辑题，考察考生对对话中某一段话的引出原因和与上下文的内在联系的把握。考生需要充分利用自己的逻辑思维，探究特定文本环境下的语用现象。
Professor
Oh, Mathew, that’s a great example.
Student
Yeah! And each student chose a planet and then did research on it
to write a report and make a presentation. They went to the library
to do the research, then they made presentations about the planet
they chose.
Professor
So, in one science unit, in which the focus was astronomy, the
students also learned about the literature of Greek and Roman
mythology, used research skills in the library, wrote a report and
practiced their oral presentation skills.
Student
Exactly! He used this one topic to teach third-grades all that
stuff — how to use the books in the library, to write reports, and
even how to speak in public. Plus they had a great time doing
it.
21. What important skills did Mr.Grabell introduce to his
third-grade class?
Click on 3
answers
Reviewing other student's reports
Using books in the library
Interviewing their classmates
Speaking in public
Writing reports
这是一道细节题，需要从五个选项中选出三个相应的答案。索性对话中有三处都给出了明确的提示，所以降低了难度。
Professor
You know, Mathew, this is just what we’ve been talking about in our
class. I’m sure everyone can learn something from your experience.
You know, Mathew, I’d love for you to talk about this astronomy
unit in class on Wednesday.
Student
Really?! Hmmm… ‘cause I don’t really think I’ll have any time to
write my paper by then.
Professor
Oh, you won’t need to write anything new just yet. For Wednesday,
use your class observation notes and explain the things we’ve
discussed today.
22. What will Matthew probably do in next Wednesday's class?
Hand in his assignment early
Try to start a study group
Make a presentation to the class
Choose a topic for his paper
细节题。
Student
Ok, that sounds all right.
