2015年考研英语二真题及参考答案
2015-09-18 12:28阅读：
2015年硕士研究生入学考试真题解析（英语二）
说明：由于2015年试题为一题多卷，因此现场试卷中的选择题部分，不同考生有不同顺序。请在核对答案时注意题目和选项的具体内容。
Section I
Use of English
Directions：
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each
numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10
points)
In ou
r contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with-or even
looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us
seems to agree by the way they cling to their phones, even without
a 1
on a subway.
It’s a sad reality-our
desire to avoid interacting with other human beings – because
there’s 2
to be gained from talking to the stranger
standing by you .But you wouldn’t know it,
3 into
your phone. This universal protection sends the
4 : “Please don’t
approach me. ”
What is it that makes us
feel we need to hide 5
our screens?
One answer is fear, according to Jon
Wortmann, an executive mental coach.We fear rejection, or that our
innocent social advances will be 6
as “weird”. We
fear we’ll be 7
. We fear we’ll be
disruptive.
Strangers are inherently
8
to us, so we are more likely to feel
9
when communicating with them compared with our
friends and acquaintances. To avoid this uneasiness, we
10
to our phones. “Phone become our security
blanket,” Wortmann says. “They are our happy glasses that protect
us from what we perceive is going to be more
11 .”
But once we rip off the band-aid, tuck
our smart phones in our pockets and look up, it doesn’t
12
so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral
scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to
do the unthinkable: Start a 13
. They had Chicago train commuters
talk to their fellow 14
. “When Dr. Epley and Ms.
Schroeder asked other people in the same train station to
15
how they would feel after talking to a
stranger, the commuters thought their
16
would be more pleasant if they sat on their
own, ” The New York Times summarizes. Though the
participants didn’t expect a positive experience, after they
17
with the experiment, “not a single person
reported having been embarrassed.”
18
, these commutes were reportedly more
enjoyable compared with those without communication, which makes
absolute sense, 19
human beings thrive off of
social connections. It’s that 20
; Talking to strangers can make you feel
connected.
1. [A] signal
[B] permit
[C] ticket
[D] record
2. [A] nothing
[B] little
[C] another
[D]
much
3. [A] beaten
[B] guided
[C] plugged
[D]
brought
4. [A] sign
[B]
code
[C] notice
[D]
message
5. [A] under
[B] behind
[C] beyond
[D] from
6. [A] misapplied
[B] mismatched
[C]
misadjusted
[D] misinterpreted
7. [A] replaced
[B] fired
[C] judged
[D] delayed
8. [A] unreasonable
[B] ungrateful
[C] unconventional
[D] unfamiliar
9. [A] comfortable
[B] confident
[C]
anxious
[D] angry
10. [A] attend
[B] point
[C] take
[D]
turn
11. [A] dangerous
[B] mysterious
[C] violent
[D] boring
12. [A] hurt
[B] resist
[C] bend
[D] decay
13. [A] lecture
[B] conversation
[C] debate
[D]
negotiation
14. [A] passengers
[B] employees
[C]
researchers
[D] trainees
15. [A] reveal
[B] choose
[C] predict
[D]
design
16. [A] voyage
[B] ride
[C] walk
[D] flight
17. [A] went through [B] did away
[C] caught up
[D] put up
18. [A] In turn
[B] In fact
[C] In
particular
[D] In consequence
19. [A] unless
[B] since
[C] if
[D] whereas
20. [A] funny
[B] logical
[C] simple
[D]
rare
Section II Reading
Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after
each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER
SHEET. (40points)
Text 1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people
are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers
measured people`s cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they
were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at
what is supposed to be a palace of refuge.
“Further contradicting
conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower
levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the
researchers, Sarah Damaske, In fact women even say they feel better
at work, she notes,” It is men, not women, who report being happier
at home than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold
true for both those with children and without, but more so for
nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have
better health.
What the study doesn`t
measure is whether people are still doing work when they`re at
home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the
office. For many men, the end of the workday
is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to
leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they
often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring
of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the
workplace in making adjustments for working women, it`s mot
surprising that women are more stressed at home.
But it`s not just a
gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they`re
supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they
have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure:
Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee
draws out life-sustaining moola.
On the home front,
however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in
which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid
out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate
rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-- your family-- have
no clear rewards for their labor, they need to be talked into it,
or if they`re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all
electronic devices. Plus, they`re your family. You cannot fire your
family. You never really get to go home from home.
So it`s not surprising that people are more stressed at home.
No only are the tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much
harder to motivate.
21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found
that home_________.
[A] offered greater relaxation
than the workplace
[B] was an ideal place for
stress measurement
[C] generated more stress than
the workplace
[D] was an unrealistic place for
relaxation
22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest
at home?
[A] Childless
wives.
[B] Working
mothers.
[C] Childless
husbands.
[D] Working
fathers.
23. The blurring of working woman’s roles refers to the fact
that_________.
[A] it is difficult for them to
leave their office
[B] their home is also a place
for kicking back
[C] there is often much
housework left behind
[D] they are both bread winners
and housewives
24. The word “moola”(Line3, Para.4) most probably
means_________.
[A] skills
[B] energy
[C] earnings
[D] nutrition
25. The home front differs from the workplace in
that_________.
[A] division of labor at home is
seldom clear-cut
[B] home is hardly a cozier
working environment
[C] household tasks are
generally more motivating
[D] family labor is
often adequately rewarded
Text 2
For years, studies have found that first-generation college
students – those who do not have a parent with a college degree –
lag other students on a range of education achievement factors.
Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But
since such students are most likely to advance economically if they
succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed
for decades to recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox”
in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching
many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to
reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on
social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper
forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.
But the article is quite
optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem,
suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,
next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement
gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and
other students.
The authors of the paper
are from different universities, and their findings are based on a
study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an
unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not
having a parent with a four-year college degree. Most of the
first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell
Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need,
while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at
least one parent with a four-year degree.
Their thesis – that a
relatively modest intervention could have a big impact – was based
on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not
in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the
issues that face most college students. They cite past research by
several authors to show that this is the gap that must be narrowed
to close the achievement gap.
Many first-generation
students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher
education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of
college resources,” they write. And this becomes more of a problem
when colleges don’t talk about the class advantages and
disadvantages of different groups of students. “Because US colleges
and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect
students’ educational experiences, many first-generation students
lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand
how students ‘like them’ can improve.”
26. Recruiting more first-generation students has
________.
[A] reduced their dropout
rates
[B] narrowed the achievement
gap
[C] depressed college
students
[D] missed its original
purpose
27. The authors of the research article are optimistic
because ________.
[A] their findings appeal to
students
[B] the recruiting rate has
increased
[C] the problem is
solvable
[D] their approach is
costless
28. The study suggests that most first-generation students
________.
[A] study at private
universities
[B] are from single-parent
families
[C] are in need of financial
support
[D] have failed their
college
29. The authors of the paper believe that first-generation
students ________.
[A] are actually indifferent to
the achievement gap
[B] can have a potential
influence on other students
[C] may lack opportunities to
apply for research projects
[D] are inexperienced in
handling their issues at college
30. We may infer from the last paragraph that
________.
[A] universities often reject
the culture of the middle-class
[B] colleges are partly
responsible for the problem in question
[C] social class greatly helps
enrich educational experiences
[D] students are usually to
blame for their lack of resources
Text 3
Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate
America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained
than it was 20 years ago,” said Harvard Business School professor
Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. “if you and I
parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much
less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There
were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we
didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about passion.
”
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary
is very “team”-oriented—and not by coincidence.
“Let`s not forget sports — in male-dominated
corporate America, it`s still a big deal. It`s not explicitly
conscious, it`s the idea that I`m a coach, and you`re my team, and
we`re in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very
different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and
this is their team and they want to win.”
These terms are intended to infuse work with meaning--and, as
Khurana points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the
importation of terminology that historically used to be associated
with non-profit organizations and religious
organizations: Terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose,”
said Khurana.
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep
employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life
balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s are still going on today,
prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all and
books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a
buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack,
bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between
the office and the home. But if your work is your “passion” ,
you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means
going home for dinner and then working long after the kids are in
bed.
But this seems to be the
irony of office speak: everyone
makes fun of it, but
managers love it, companies
depend on it, and regular
people willingly absorbs it. As
Nunberg said, ”You can get
people to think it ‘s
nonsense at the same time
that you buy into it.” In
a workplace that’s fundamentally
indifferent to your life and
its meaning, office speak can
help you figure out how
you relate to your work---
and how your work defines
who you are.
31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become
_______.
[A] more objective
[B] less energetic
[C] more emotional
[D] less strategic
32. “Team”-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related
to _______.
[A] sports culture
[B] gender
difference
[C] historical
incidents
[D] athletic
executives
33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims
to _______.
[A] promote company
image
[B] strengthen employee
loyalty
[C] foster corporate
cooperation
[D] revive historical
terms
34. It can be inferred that Lean In
_______.
[A] voices for working
women
[B] appeals to passionate
workaholics
[C] triggers debates among
mommies
[D] praises motivated
employees
35. Which of the following statements is true about office
speak?
[A] Managers admire it but avoid
it.
[B] Linguists believe it to be
nonsense.
[C] Companies find it to be
fundamental.
[D] Regular people mock it but
accept it.
Text 4
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor
Department reported for Jun, along with the drop in unemployment
rate 6.1 percent, as good news. And they were right. For now it
appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still
have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least
we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.
However, there is
another important part of the jobs picture that was largely
overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report
voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000
(4.4percent) above its year ago level.
Before explaining the
connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important
distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want
full-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they
can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of
weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be
having a very hard time making ends meet.
They was an increase in
involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction has been
down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than
before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9percent) from
its year ago level.
We know the difference
between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because
people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks people
if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the
answer is “yes”, they are classified as working part-time. The
survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that
week because they wanted to work less than full time or because
they had no choice. They are only classified as voluntary part-time
workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than
35 hours a week.
The issue of voluntary
part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main purposes was
to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many
people, especially those with serious health conditions or family
members with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only
way to get insurance was through a job that provided health
conditions.
However, Obamacare has
allowed more than 12 million people to either get insurance through
Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously have
felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in
order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamarace there
is no longer a link between employment and insurance.
36. Which part of the jobs picture was
neglected?
[A] The prospect of a thriving job market.
[B] The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.
[C] The possibility of full employment.
[D] The acceleration of job creation.
37. Many people work part-time because they
_______.
[A] feel that is enough to make ends meet
[B] cannot get their hands on full-time market
[C] haven’t seen the weakness of the market
[D] prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs
38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US
_______.
[A] shows a general tendency of
decline
[B] is harder to acquire than
one year ago
[C] satisfies the real need of
the jobless
[D] is lower than before the
recession
39. It can be learned that with
Obamacare,________.
[A] it is no longer easy for
part-timers to get insurance
[B] employment is no longer a
precondition to get insurance
[C] it is still challenging to
get insurance for family members
[D] full-time employment is
still essential for insurance
40. The text mainly discusses _______.
[A] Obamacare’s
trouble
[B] part-timer
classification
[C] insurance through
Medicaid
[D] employment in the
US
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing
the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered
paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not
need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10
points)
[A] You are not alone
[B] Don’t fear responsibility for your life
[C] Pave your own unique path
[D] Most of your fears are unreal
[E] Think about the present moment
[F] Experience helps you grow
[G] There are many things to be grateful for
Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times
Unfortunately, life is
not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing sad
experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a
friendship, a romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold
you down at what usually seems like the most inopportune time, but
you should remember that they won’t last forever.
When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger
with a greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore,
these losses make us mature and eventually move us toward future
opportunities for growth and happiness. I want to share these old
truths I’ve learned along the way.
41.
Fear is both useful and
harmful. This normal human reaction is used to protect us by
signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately,
people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My
favorite actor Will Smith once said,”Fear is not real. It is a
product of thoughts you create. Do not misunderstand me. Danger is
very real. But fear is a choice.” I do completely agree that fears
are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.
42.
If you are surrounded by
problems and cannot stop thinking about the past, try to focus on
the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or
anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but
you are poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you
cannot change. Value the present moment and remember how fortunate
you are to be alive. Enjoy the beauty of the world around and keep
the eyes open to see the possibilities before you. Happiness is not
a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a mindset
that can be designed into the present.
43.
Sometimes it is easy to
feel bad because you are going through tough times. You can be
easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and
appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile
and value their life instead of crying and complaining about
something.
44.
No matter how isolated
you might feel and how serious the situation is, you should always
remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost
everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a
good change in your life, especially your dearest and nearest
people. You may have a circle of friends who provide constant good
humor, help and companionship. If you have no friends or relatives,
try to participate in several online communities, full of people
who are always willing to share advice and
encouragement.
45.
Today many people find
it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek balance by gaining
objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your
opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life.
When you are struggling to achieve something important you should
believe in yourself and be sure that your decision is the best. You
live in your skin, think your own thoughts, have your own values
and make your own choices.
46．Direction：
In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into
Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET.
(15points)
Think about driving a route that’s very familiar. It could be
your commute to work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever
it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. On
these sorts of trips it’s easy to lose concentration on the driving
and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The consequence is
that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it
actually has.
This is the well-travelled road effect: People
tend to underestimate the time it takes to travel a familiar
route.
The effect is caused by the way we allocate
our attention. When we travel down a well-known route, because we
don’t have to concentrate much, time seems to flow more quickly.
And afterwards, when we come to think back on it, we can’t remember
the journey well because we didn’t pay much attention to it. So we
assume it was shorter.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47．Directions:
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for
high school students. Write a notice to
1) briefly introduce the
camp activities, and
2) call for
volunteers.
You should write about 100
words on the ANSWER
SHEET.
Do not use your name or the name of
your university,
Do not write your address.(10
points)
Part B
48．Directions:
Write an essay based on
the following chart. In your
essay, you should
1) interpret the chart,
and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150
words on the ANSWER
SHEET. (15points)
我国某市居民春节假期花销比例
参考答案
完形填空
ADCDB
DCDCD
AABAC
DABBC
阅读理解A
ACDCA
DCCDB
AABAD
BBABD
阅读理解B
DEGAC
翻译的参考译文及写作的范文请见后面翻译和写作的总结
