常见的自然拼读规则（英文版）
2019-07-31 11:47阅读：
自然拼读教材已经成为幼儿园到小学阶段培训机构必选教材了。自然拼读主要培养学生对英语的音形关系的掌握，通过辨认字形而读出单词，通过单词读音写出字形。掌握自然拼读需要学习一些自然拼读规则，下面是一些常见的自然拼读规则。
Short and long vowels
When a vowel is followed by one consonant, that vowel is usually
short. A vowel is usually short when there is only one vowel in a
word or syllable as in on, red and fantastic.
A vowel is long when it says its own name. When a single vowel is
at the end of a word or syllable, it usually makes the long vowel
sound, as in go and paper.
Vowels also have long sounds when they’re paired with a silent e or
when they are vowel digraphs (two vowels paired together).
Vowels in syllables
Every syllable of every word must have at least one vowel. A vowel
can stand alone in a syllable, as in unit and animal. It can also
be surrounded by consonants, as in jet, shut and fantastic.
Silent ‘e’
When e is the last letter in a word, and there’s only one other
vowel in that word, the first vowel usually says its own name and
the e is silent, as in cake.
Consonant digraphs and blends
In a consonant digraph, two consonants work together to form one
sound that isn’t like either of the letters it’s made from.
Examples include chap, ship, think and photo.
Consonant blends are groups of two or three consonants whose
individual sounds can be heard as they blend together. Examples of
that are clam, scrub and grasp.
Vowel digraphs and diphthongs
In a vowel digraph, when two vowels are paired together, the first
one is long and the other is silent, as in boat, paint and
beach.
In a diphthong, a new speech sound is formed when two vowels are
paired together, as in cloud or boil.
R-controlled vowels
When a vowel is followed by an r in the same syllable, that vowel
is “r-controlled” and is no longer short. Sometimes we refer to the
r as “bossy r” because the r “bosses” the vowel to make a new
sound, as in spark, cork, germ, birthday and burn.
The ‘schwa’ sound
Any vowel can make the schwa sound; it sounds like uh. Words like
banana, vitamin, item, and another have the schwa sound.
The schwa is only found in words with more than one syllable, but
never in the “accented” syllable. The schwa is the most common
sound in the English language!
Soft ‘c’ and hard ‘c’ and soft ‘g’ and hard ‘g’
When the letter c is followed by the vowels e, i or y, it usually
makes its soft sound. Examples of that are cent, circus and
cytoplasm. The letter c also makes a hard sound, as in cat and
cocoa.
When the letter g is followed by the vowels e, i or y, it usually
makes its soft sound. Examples of that are gel, giant and gym. The
letter g also makes a hard sound, as in gas, gorilla and
yogurt.
The ‘fszl’ (fizzle) rule
When f, s, z and l follow a vowel at the end of a one-syllable
word, they’re usually doubled, as in stuff, grass, fuzz and
shell.
Using ‘k’ or ‘ck’
We use ck at the end of one-syllable word when it follows a short
vowel, as in duck and trick. We use k when there’s another
consonant immediately following the vowel, as in task and
drink.
The /j/ sound and the /ch/ sound
When the /j/ sound follows a short vowel in a one-syllable word,
it’s usually spelled dge as in badge, hedge, bridge, dodge and
smudge. (The d protects the vowel from “magic e.”)
When the /ch/ sound follows a short vowel in a one-syllable word,
it’s usually spelled tch as in catch, fetch, stitch, blotch and
clutch. Common exceptions are the words such, much, rich and
which.
Doubling
When adding ed or ing to a word, we double the consonant if the
vowel before that consonant is short. Examples of that are gripped
and winning. We don’t double the consonant when the vowel is
long.
Plural nouns
When a plural noun ends with s, ss, sh, ch, x or z, we add es to
make it plural, as in classes, brushes and foxes. Otherwise, we
just add s, as in cats.
When a plural noun ends with y and it follows a consonant, as in
pony, family and baby, we usually change the y to i before adding
es to make it plural: ponies, families and babies.
Broken rules
In the English language, phonics rules are often broken. Your child
will frequently come across exceptions to the rule. But your
child’s teacher or reading specialist will teach those, too!
