目的状语从句与结果状语从句的区别
2016-03-23 21:58阅读：
目的状语从句与结果状语从句的区别
so
that既可引导目的状语从句也可引导结果状语从句。我们可以从语意关系上和结构形式上对目的状语从句与结果状语从句进行分辨。
1.目的是以观念形态存在的潜在的可能性和意欲，不是事实。这一潜在的可能性或意欲的实现，则是结果。目的是主观意念，结果是客观现实。因此，从句若是反映一种意欲、一种可能性，则是目的状语从句；若是一种事实，就是结果状语从句。试比较：
I’m going to take an early bus so that I’ll get there in
time．
我打算乘早班公共汽车，以便及时赶到那里。（目的状语从句）
I took an early bus so that I got there in
time．
I had taken an early bus so that I got there in
time．
我乘了早班公共汽车，及时到了那里。（结果状语从句）
2.目的状语从句表示动机（即一种可能性），并非事实，只是想要达到某个结果的意愿，因而从句中多用假定性的谓语动词。常有can，may，will，could,
might, would,
should等情态动词。情态动词本身并无词汇意义，只是一种虚拟用法。结果状语从句表示客观事实，所以用陈述语气的谓语动词，从句中常无情态动词。试比较：
I always write so carefully that I may make my meaning
clear.
我写起来总是字斟句酌，为了让人看懂我的意思。（
目的状语从句）
I always write so carefully that I make my meaning
clear.
我写起，来总是字斟句酌，结果把意思讲得一清二楚。（结果状语从句）
值得一提的是，从句中如果用情态动词could，有时会使得目的和结果的界限模糊。比如下面这个句子既可表示结果也可表示目的：
He spoke loudly so that everybody
could hear him．（结果、目的）
有时，即使从句中用了can，could，should等，它仍是一个结果状语从句。如：
The room was packed with people，so that we
couldn’t get in．
房间里挤满了人，我们进不去。
What have I done that you should be so angry with
me？
我干了些什么使你对我如此恼火？
3.目的状语从句与主句的关系紧密，在讲话时一气呵成，而结果状语从句则是句子的外在因素，讲话时往往在主句和从句之间须略加停顿，书写时一般用逗号断开。试比较：
We all arrived at eight，so that the meeting began
immediately.
我们都是八点到达的，结果会议马上就开始了。（结果状语从句）
We’ll come at eight so that the meeting can begin
early.
我们要八点来，以便会议能早点开始。（目的状语从句）
4.目的状语从句可以移至句首，从而达到进一步强调目的意义；而结果状语从句不可以，只能置于主句之后。这表明目的从句在句中的位置比较自由，结果状语从句在句中位置一般比较固定。如：。
So that everyone could hear，they used a
microphone．
（= They used a microphone so that everyone could
hear．）
为了使人人都能听到，他们使用了扩音器。
I was so tired that I could hardly stand．
我太累了，几乎站不起来。（不能说：So that I could hardly
stand，I was tired。）
So that we should／might see the
sunrise， we started for the peak
early．
（= We started for the peak early so that we
should／might see the sunrise．）
为了看日出，我们一早就出发到山顶去。
5.目的状语从句是句子不可分割的一部分，是句子的内在修饰语(adjunct)，['ædʒʌŋkt]结果状语从句并非句子的有机组成部分，是句子的外围修饰语（disjunction）[dis'dʒʌŋkʃən]。因此，前者可以成为分裂句的强调中心，而后者却不可以。如：
It is so that his students can understand well that the teacher
speaks clearly．
正是为了使学生很好理解，教师才讲得清清楚楚。
不能说：It’s so that he can’t sleep at night that he worries
about his son’s health．
只能说：He worries about his son’s health so that he can’t
sleep at night．
正是因为他担心他儿子的身体，所以他晚上睡不着。
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“so...that...”句型的意思是“如此/这么……以致于……”，常引导结果状语从句，但“so...that...”是个爱“变脸”句型，你一不留意就会出错。现将其用法总结归纳如下，让我们一起来看看它是怎样变的吧。一、so...
that...句型中的so是副词，常常用来修饰形容词或副词，
常用句型为：主语 谓语 so adj. / adv.
that从句。例如：1. he is so young that she can't look after
herself. 2. The boy ran so fast that I couldn't catch him. 3. He
was so angry that he couldn't say a
word.二、在“such...
that...”句型中，such修饰名词，意思也是“如此……以致于……”但当名词前有many、much、(a)
few、(a)
little等词修饰时，句子中要用“so...that...”而不能用such...that...”。
例如： 1. He has so much money that he can buy what he wanted. 2.
I've had so many falls that I have pains here and there. 3. There
is little water in the glass that I can't drink any more. 三、
so与that也可连起来写，即变成：... so that ...(以便 / 为了……)，引导目的状语从句。例例如： 1. I got
up early so that I could catch the early bus. 2. Please open the
window so that we can breathe fresh air. 3. You must go now so that
you won't be late.
四、以“so...that”引导的结果状语从句可以转换成不定式的简单句，即可转换为“...enough
to...”或“...too...to”句型，但这种转换必须符合下列条件： 1.
当主句和从句的主语一致，且that从句是肯定句时，可用“enough to do sth.”来转换。例如： The man is so
strong that he can lift the heavy box.→ The man is strong enough to
lift the heavy box. He was so clever that he can understand what I
siad. → He was clever enough to understand what I siad. 2.
当主句和从句的主语不一致，且that从句是肯定句时，可以用“enough for sb. to do
sth.”来替换，但须注意不定式的宾语要省略。例如： The question is so easy that I can work
it out. → The question is easy enough for me to work out. The box
is so light that he can carry it. → The box is light enough for him
to carry. 3. 当主句和从句的主语一致，且that从句是否定句时，可以用“too...to”来替换。例如： The girl
is so young that she can't dress herself. → The girl is too young
to dress herself. I was so tired that I couldn't go on with the
work. → I was too tired to go on with the work. 4.
当主句和从句的主语不一致，且that从句是否定时，如果要用“too...to...”替换“so...that...”，则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语，可以用“too...for
sb. to do sth.”来替换，注意不定式的宾语要省略。 The bag is so heavy that she can't
move it. →The bag is too heavy for her to move. It is so hot that
we can't sleep. →It is too hot for us to sleep.
