杜甫《蜀相》两种英译文对比探讨
2016-06-06 03:14阅读：
杜甫《蜀相》两种英译文对比探讨
（曾冲明2012年10月15日）
今夜我仔细对比吴钧陶先生与许渊冲先生两位的译文，觉得各有千秋。他们都比较重视押尾韵，但也有区别。吴译文以单音押尾韵，许译文以音节押尾韵。我还觉得，许译参考与借鉴了吴译。改动或改正了吴译的一些地方。请比较：
蜀相
杜甫
丞相祠堂何处寻？锦官城外柏森森；
映阶碧草自春色，隔叶黄鹂空好音。
三顾频烦天下计，两朝开济老臣心；
出师未捷身先死，长使英雄泪满襟。
吴钧陶 译：
The Temple of the Prime Minister of
Shu
Where to find the deceased Prime Minister's
temple?
Outside Chengdu, under the cypress arch ample.
The grass round the steps reflects the colour of
spring;
The oriole amid the leaves vainly sings it
strain.
Thrice the Emperor to him came for the plan to rule;
Two reigns the noble stateman served heart and
soul.
Before seeing victory, he died in the camp
ground,
许渊冲 译：
Temple of the Premier of Shu
Where is the famous premier's temple to be
found?
Outside the Town of Brocade with cypresses
around.
In vain before the steps spring grass grows green and
long,
And amid the leaves golden orioles sing their
song.
Thrice the king visited him for the State's gains and
pains;
He served heart and soul the kingdom during two
reigns.
But he died before he accomplished his career.
How could heroes not wet their sleeves with tear on
tear!
我的研读随记：
“长使英雄泪满襟”的“英雄”， 是指诸葛亮，宜用单数the
hero，许先生却解读与英译成泛指的英雄，因此用了heroes.
另外有些地方，我觉得英语有问题。比如吴译The oriole amid the leaves vainly sings
it strain.这里为什么要加it strain，表示什么意思？Thrice the Emperor to him came
for the plan to rule;
Came to him比to him came更顺口。
再如
Before seeing victory, he died in the camp
ground,
Before seeing victory： seeing最好改成 gaining
许译
How could heroes not wet their sleeves with tear on
tear!
这个tear on tear不合乎英译标准吧！？
“映阶碧草自春色”被译成
In vain before the steps spring grass grows green and
long,
In vain放在这个位置，太别扭了吧！？
“三顾频烦天下计”译成
.Thrice the king visited him for the State's gains and
pains;
这样用gains and pains，太不合原文的意思了吧！？
我参考、借鉴两位前辈的译文加译了稿四。欢迎批评指正。
曾冲明前后译四稿：
稿一
Premior of Shu Kingdom Zhuge Liang
by Du Fu
Where is the memorial hall for Premier of Shu Kingdom?
It is outside the City of Chongqin among dark
pines.
Green glasses reflect steps in spring by
themselves,
Orioles sing well but to nobody behind thick
leaves.
Liu Bei invited Zhuge Liang to join him three times,
Premier Zhuge was loyal to the kingdom all his life.
Before defeating his enemy he died in his command camp.
It was the biggest regret that made the hero
sorrowful.
稿二
The Premior of Shu Kingdom
by Du Fu
Where to get to the memory hall of Premier Zhuge?
It is amid dark pines out the City of Chongqin.
Green glass reflects the steps silently in
spring,
Orioles sing behind the leaves alone and in
vain.
Invited by Liubei as his master even three times,
Premier Zhuge was loyal to the king and his son.
Unfortunately he failed to defeat Caocao and
died
As the chief- in- command after strugles and
battles.
稿三
Song of Premior of Shu Kingdom
by Du Fu
Where to find the memorial hall of Premier Zhuge Liang?
It is outside the City of Chongqin among dark pines
.
Green glasses reflect the steps by themselves in
spring,
Orioles behind the leaves sing to nobody
alone.
Invited by Liubei as his master even three times,
Premier Zhuge was loyal to the king and his son.
He died in his command camp before defeating Caocao,
It was the biggest thing that made the hero
sorrowful.
稿四
The Premior of Shu Kingdom
by Du Fu
Where is the memory hall of Premier Zhuge Liang?
Among dark pines out today’s Chengdu City..
Green glasses on steps by themselves show the
spring.,
And orioles behind the leaves sing very well to nobody.
Invited by his master for the state affairs even three times,
He served the kingdom for two reignes soul and
heart.
Before he died he failed to defeat the enemy，
That made the hero weep with sorrowful tears.
