状语从句复习
2015-10-18 10:52阅读：
状语从句复习
(一) 时间状语从句
1. when, while和as
1) when的用法
(1) when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。
When I lived there, I used
to go to the seashore on
Sundays.
我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。
When the film ended, the
people went back.
电影一结束，看电影的人便回去了。
(2) when可用作并列连词，意为“在那时，在这时”，相当于and
at this/
that time。
I was thinking of this
when I heard my name
called.
我正想着这件事，突然听到叫我的名字。
He was on the point of
leaving when someone knocked at
the gate.
他刚要走，有人敲门。
We had just fallen asleep
when the bell rang.
我们刚刚入睡，突然铃声响起来了。
(3) when还可表“既然”。
Why do you want a new
job when you’ve got such
a good one already?
既然你已经有了这么好的工作，为什么还要找新的工作？
2) while的用法
(1) while可表“当……的时候”或“与……同时(发生)
”，while从句中的动作应该是可持续的。
They arrived while we were
having dinner.
他们来的时候，我们正在吃饭。
(2) while表对比，意为“却，但是，然而”，用于强调两种情况、活动等之间的差别。
That region has plenty of
natural resources while this one
has none.
那个地区自然资源丰富，这个地区却一点也没有。
(3) while可用来表“虽然，尽管”，相当于although。
While I understand what you
say, I can’t agree with
you.
尽管我理解你说的话，但是我不能同意你的意见。
3) as的用法
表“（正当）……的时候”或“随着”。
As time passed, things seemed
to get worse.
随着时间的推移，情况似乎变得更加糟糕了。
4) 如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down
the street, I came across
an old friend of
mine.
当我沿大街行走时，我碰巧遇到了一个老朋友。
2. as soon as, immediately,
directly, instantly, the moment,
the minute, the instant, no
sooner ...
than
..., hardly/scarcely
...
when
...
和once
(一……就……)
这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”。从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。
Once she arrives, we can
start.
她一到，我们就可以开始。
He said he’d phone you the
moment he got home.
他说他一到家就给你打电话。
The boy burst into tears
immediately he saw his
mother.
那男孩一见到他妈妈就哭起来。
注意：no
sooner ...
than
...; hardly/scarcely
...
when
...
这一结构的时态搭配：no
sooner与hardly/scarcely引导的主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no
sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。
I had hardly got home when
it began to rain.
= Hardly had I got home
when it began to
rain.
我一到家就开始下雨了。
3. till, until和not
...
until
…
1) till, until表“一直到……”。主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式。
You may stay here until
the rain stops.
你在这里可呆到雨停。
2) till, until表“直到……才……”。主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，主句为否定式，从句为肯定式。
I didn’t learn to drive
till I was thirty three.
我直到33岁才学开车。
3) till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
4) not
...
until句型中的强调和倒装用法：
It was not until you told
me that I had any idea
of it. (强调句型)
Not until you told me did
I have any idea of it.
(not until置于句首，主句要倒装)
直到你告诉我，我才知道。
4. before和since
1) before可表“还未……就……，不到……就……，……才……，趁，还没来得及”或“以防”。before从句中谓语不用否定式。
We hadn’t run a mile
before he felt tired.
我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。
Put that money somewhere safe
before it gets stolen.
把钱放在安全的地方，以防被人偷去。
2) before的句型：It will
be +时间段+ before从句。表“多久之后才……”。
It will be some time
before we know the full
results.
再过些时候我们才能知道全部结果。
3) since表“自从……”。其主句多为现在完成时或现在完成进行时，从句多为一般过去时。
I have written home four
times since I came
here.
自从我来到这儿，我往家写了四封信。
4) since的句型：It is/has been
+时间段+ since从句。若从句谓语为非延续性动词，表“自从……有多久”；若从句谓语为延续性动词，则表“自从结束/完成……起有多久”。
It is three years since
the war broke out.
战争爆发以来有三年了。
It is three years since
she was in our
class.
她离开我们班有三年了。
5. every time, each time,
next time，the first time，any
time，all the time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……；每次……；下次……”等。
Every time I meet her I
always forget her name.
每次见到她时，我总忘了她的名字。
The last time I spoke to
Bob he seemed happy enough.
上次我根鲍勃说话的时候，他显得挺高兴。
(二)
地点状语从句
1. 地点状语从句可用where, wherever, anywhere,
everywhere等引导。
You are free to go
wherever you like.
你愿意去哪里就去哪里。
He would live with his
grandfather anywhere she
lived.
不管他祖母住在哪儿，他都愿和她住在一块儿。
2. 注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句：
You’d better make a mark
where you have any questions.
(状语从句)
