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英格兰人之歌

2019-08-05 06:08阅读:
帕西·贝希·雪莱(六)
帕西·贝希·雪莱(Percy Bysshe Shelly,1792-1822),英国十九世纪伟大的撒旦派浪漫主义诗人之一。他的抒情诗和拜仑的叙事诗,并称是英国诗歌的两块丰碑,把浪漫主义的诗歌推向了时代的高峰。

英格兰人之歌

英格兰人苦耕作,
低头事主究为何?
何必辛勤为暴君,
纺制衣冠织绫罗?

喂食穿衣养雄蜂,
从生到死样样供,
知否雄蜂无情义,
吮汗吸血报恩宠?

武器锁链和钢鞭,
工蜂锻造总无闲,
为使雄蜂得武装,
夺去辛劳粮与绢?

可有闲暇心平静,
居安食足爱温情?
付出昂贵换来啥,
整天忍痛又受惊?

尔曹播种他人割,
创造财富他人掠;
织就衣袍他人穿,
铸成兵器他人得!
r> 种粮勿让暴君敲,
发财莫被人骗盗,
织锦休给懒鬼穿,
利器自卫要握牢!

躲进窑洞钻破屋,
建造大厦别人住;
何必砸碎铁枷锁?
铸剑之手甘受缚!

犁锄铁铲机梭忙,
用作规划垒青塚,
织出尸衣一件件,
大好河山作坟场!

附注:此诗作于1819,是一首既具有爱国情怀,又具有反叛精神的杰作,也是雪莱的代表作之一
工蜂(Bees of England):比喻勤劳的英格兰人。诗中还用“无刺的雄蜂”(stingless drones)暗示不劳而获的统治者,亦指后面所言的“懒鬼”(the idle)。
尔曹(ye):你们,指英格兰人。原文使用了文言代词,此处以古汉语之“尔曹”译之,似合原意。
本诗最后两节全是用的反语,赏读时须小心体味诗人意图:英格兰人应当警醒,应当明白,如果不起而抗争,谋取解放,寻求自由,摆脱暴君的压迫,便只会束手待毙,大有“哀其不幸,怒其不争”之慨叹。
大好河山(fair England):在英国诗人笔下的“大好河山”当然指的是“英格兰”,故略而不译,似觉更合原意。此外,青塚:长有青草的土墩,指坟墓、石室,故用动词“垒”字搭配。坟场(sepulchre):原文指石墓、墓穴,译文则是针对“大好河山”而言的。

附录:原诗

Song to the Men England

Men of England, wherefore plough
For the lords who lay ye low?
Wherefore weave with toil and care
The rich robes your tyrants wear?

Wherefore feed, and clothe, and save,
From the cradle to the grave,
Those ungrateful drones who would
Drain your sweat——nay, drink your blood?

Wherefore, Bees of England, forge
Many a weapon, chain, and scourge,
That these stingless drones may spoil
The forced produce of your toil?

Have ye leisure, comfort, calm,
Shelter, food, love’s gentle balm?
Or what is it ye buy so dear
With your pain and with your fear?

The seed ye sow, another reaps;
The walth ye find, another keeps;
The robes ye weave, another wears;
The arms ye forge, another bears.

Sow seed,—— but let no tyrantreap;
Find wealth,——let no imp[oster keep;
Weave robes,—— let not the idle wear,
Forge arms, ——in your defence to bear.

Shrink to your cellars, holes, and cells;
In halls ye deck another’s dwells.
Why shake the chains ye wrought? Ye see
The steel ye tempered glance on ye.

With plough and spade, and hoe and loom,
Trace your grave, and build your tomb,
And weave your winding-sheet, till fair
England be your sepulchre.

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