轻易掌握英语语法-------五大基本句型
2018-06-30 16:42阅读：
轻易掌握英语语法-------五大基本句型
学会分析句子成分非常重要。经常分析句子就能很快的掌握句子的规律，提高口语和笔头表达的准确性，加快阅读速度，提高阅读能力。
1．S+V+C（ (主+系+表)
2．S+V（主语+谓语动词）
3．S+V+O（主语+谓语动词+宾语）
4．S+V+O+C（主
语+谓语动词+宾语+补语）
5．S+V+O+O（主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语）
6.There be 句型
Practice : 分析下列句子成分。
1.I am a student.
2.We love
English.
3.The flowers smell
sweet.
4.Peter works
hard.
5.Mr Li teachers us
English.
6.He always gives me a
hand.
7.You are all my
students.
8.Tom does not like
maths.
9.She runs fast while I
run slowly.
10.I saw her
dancing.
11.Please hand me a
dictionary.
12.The boss made them
working all the day.
13.I think that you are
right.
14.They asked whether
we would need their help.
15.It is known that the
earth is round.
16.The reason is that
he missed the bus.
17.The island that I
visited has many trees.
18.When I was young, my
father always gave me advice.
19. Work hard,
and you’ll make great
progress.
不定代词的用法
(一)some,
any 的用法
1.some的意思是'一些，某些'，可修饰可数名词或不可数名词，多用于肯定句中，可作主语、定语、宾语等。如:
Would you like句式中，当说话者盼望得到肯定的答复和表示建议、请求时，some也可用于疑问句中表委婉请求或建议。。例如：
如:Would you have some tea? 您喝茶吗?
2. any的意思是 '一些'，多用于疑问句、否定句或条件从句，可作主语、定语、宾语。
any用于肯定句中，表“任何一个”或“任何种类”的含义。如:
Any child can answer that question. 任何一个小孩都能
回答那个问题。
(二) it,
one与that的区别
Have you got a ticket? Yes, I’ve got
______.
A. it B. the one c. one
d. the ones
1．it／one／that三者均可用作代词，指代前面提到的名词。一般说来， it指代同名同物；one与that则指代同类异物。
I have lost my umbrella；I'm looking for it．
I have lost my umbrella；I think I must buy one．
The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I
bought．
2．one与that虽可用来指代同类异物，但one为泛指，相当于a／an＋名词；that为特指，相当于the
＋名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为
a／an ／some ／any；that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the
／this
／that。
The stone made of steel is much stronger than that of
stones.
3．one只能代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用ones；that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数，代替可数名词复数时用 those。
4．4．it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。 one与that无此用法。
5．it与that均可以替代上文全句的内容或部分内容，而one ／ones则不可以。
(三)
another,other,the others和others 的用法
another和other既可以作代词，也可以作形容词，在表示“另一个”或“另一些”时，它们的用法和含义都有差别。
1、作代词
another泛指不定数中（三者或三者以上）的另一个，因其由an ＋other构成，只能表示单数。如：
other作代词时，其前要加定冠词the，特指两个中的另一个，即the
other。
注意：
.表示“一个……，另一个……”时，如果所讲的事物只有两个，用
“one．．．the
other．．．”；
another本身没有复数形式，复数用others，这也是other的复数形式。
others是代词other的复数形式，泛指“另外或其他的人或物”，但不指其余全部的人或物，常与some连用。如：
如果指一定范围内除去一个或一部分后“其余全部的人或物”，则用the others。
2、作形容词
another只能修饰三个或三个以上同类事物中的另一个，即只能修饰单数名词。
other既可修饰单数名词，也可修饰复数名词。the other修饰单数名词时，表示特指的两个中的另一个；the
other修饰复数名词时，表示除去一个或一部分后余下的全部。other修饰复数名词时，泛指已提到的之外的另一些。如：
注意：
other作定语时只能修饰名词，如果修饰不定代词或疑问代词，则要用else。
another和other都可以用来修饰数词，表示“另外的；附加的”。another的位置是
another ＋数词＋复数名词，other则是数词＋
other ＋复数名词，相当于
我们可以说many（other ／more）
＋复数名词， another few ＋复数名词，
(五) none,
nothing,no one和nobody的用法
l. none的意思是'都没有'，用于指
三个或三个以上的人或事物，它能起名词的作用，在句中用作主语、宾语和表语。none作主语时，动词可以用复数(强调所有)或单数(强调每个)。它既可指人，也可指物，还可指不可数的事物。使用时有一定的范围，故可与of构成的介词短语连用。如:
2. no one是表泛指的代词，不强调具体范围，仅限于指人，相当于nobody，语气比none强，多用于口语中，不能与of构成的介词短语连用。no
one作主语时，
3. nothing指物，没有东西
4. nobody指人，常用于口语中。在一般情况下的简略答语中，nobody和none回答wh开头的问句；none回答how many或how
much开头的问句;nothing回答what开头的问句 。：
(六)both，neither，neither的用法
l. both表示'两个都'，只能用于两个人或两个事物，可以起名词和形容词的作用。它在句中可以做主语
、宾语、定语、同位语等。如:
2. either表示'两者中任何一个'，它起名词和形容词的作用，在句中用作主语、宾语和定语。它作主语时， 谓语动词要用单数。如:
这儿有两支钢笔，你用哪支都行。
3. neither是either的否定形式，意为'两者都不'，用法同either。如:
注意:both 和
and, either 和 or, neither
和 nor
可构成连词。表示“和……两个都”，连接主语时谓语动词是复数；“不是……就是” ， “或……或” ；
“既不……也不”；“……都不” 连接两个并列主语时谓语动词的数一般应与靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致.
(七)
no 和 none:
(1) none (没有一个，全不，都不) 是名词性的不定代词，可作主语和宾语，常和 of 短语连用，不以作定语。none
作主语代替不可数名词时，谓语用单数形式。代替可数名词时，谓语用单、复数均可。例如：
None of us is / are from
Beijing.
None of the money is mine.
none 与 all 相对，有 “全不” “全部”
的含义，因此 all 是全肯定，none
是 all
的全部否定，但都指三者以上的人或物。
(2 ) no 是形容词性的不定代词，只能用作定语，可修饰可数和不可数名词。no 等于 not a 或 not any 加上名词。例如：
(八)all，every，each的用法
l. all用来指全体，可用于复数可数名词，也可用于不可数名词，可作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语等。如:
every指三个或三个以上的人或事物，主要用于个体之间共有的情况，把分散的个体当作一个整体来看待，它只能作定语。如:
3. each指两个或两个以上，指把整体分开来进行个别考虑，强调个体。它可作主
4. every 指三个以上的人或物（含三个），each指两个以上的人或物（含两个）。
5. every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each可作代词或形容词。例如：
6. every不可以作状语，each可作状语。
7. every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等；
each没有。
8. every 与not 连用，表示部分否定；
each 和not连用表示全部否定。例
Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。
Not every man is honest.
不定代词专项练习
1. ______ the twins enjoyed ______ at the party
yesterday.
A. Both; them B. Both; themselves C. Neither; them D. All;
themselves
2. —Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a cup of
tea?
—______, thanks. I'd like just a cup of water.
A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None
3. —Would you like ______ milk in your tea?
—Yes, just ______.
A. any; little B. some; a little C. much; a few D. a little;
some
4. There is______ to do this evening.
A. much nothing B. many nothing C. nothing much D. nothing
many
5. The two friends were so pleased to see each other that
they forget ______.
A. anything else B. something else C. nothing else D.
everything else
6. —Is this your shoe?
—Yes, it is. But where is______?
A. the others B. another C. other one D. the other
one
7. What I want to say is ______English is a very useful
language.
A. it B. this C. that D. those
8. They have an English lesson ______ day, Monday, Wednesday
and Friday.
A. each other B. every other C. some others D. another
more
9. We found______ very important to learn a foreign language
well.
A. this B. that C. it D. it's
10. —______ is Lily like?
—Oh, she's tall and thin.
A. How B. Who C. Which D. What
11. —Would you like milk or orange?
—_______ I prefer water.
A. Each B.
Neither C. Either
D. Both
12 .—Oh, there is someone in the room.
—______ must be my mother.
A. There B. She C. This D. It
13. Betty and John have come back, but _______ students in
the class aren't here yet.
A. the other B. others C. another D. the others
14. ______ of us has read the story.
A. Some B. Both C. All D. None
15. —Which of her parents is a doctor?
—________.
A. Any B. Either C. Both D. All
16. I have bought a new watch because my old ______ doesn't
work.
A. it B. one C. that D. this
17. —Is this dictionary _______ or _______?
—It's mine.
A. your; hers B. your; her C. your; her D. yours;
hers
18. There are many trees on _______ sides of the
street.
A. every B. all
C. either D. both
19.There is a tree on _______ side of the
street.
A. every B. all C.
either D. both
20.There is a desk on _______ side of the
room.
A. both
B. either C. all
D. every
21. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____
of Nanjing.
A. that
B. it C.
which D. what
22.It is said that _______ of his parents have
gone to Beijing.
A. all B. every
C. both D. either
23.My bike is missing. I can't find ____
anywhere.
A. one B. Ones C. It D.
that
24. — Is _______ here?
— No, Bob and Tim have
asked for leave.
A. anybody B. somebody
C. everybody D. nobody
25.This is a left hand glove and that is
______.
A. other B. the other one c.
other one d. another
26.I had no idea which was better, so I took
_____ of them.
A. any B. every C. none
D. neither
27. If you want to change for a double room
you’ll have to
pay ___﹩5.
A. another B. other
C. more D.
each
28. — Which of the two books do you
want?
— I want _____. Please show me
______.
A. none ; another B.
all ; the other
C. neither ; the other D. neither ;
another
29.Children should be taught how to get along
with ______.
A. another . B other C. others D. any
other
