定语从句的考点归纳
2017-05-23 10:17阅读:
定语从句的考点归纳
定语从句是高中英语语法中非常重要的一个语法项,一直是高考考察的重点和热点,现将试题中常出现的考点做一简要总结。
一.
关系词只用that的情况
1.
先行词本身是all , everything , something
, nothing , anything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时
He did everything that he could to
help me. 他尽他所能来帮助我。
2.
先行词前有序数词或形容词、副词的最高级修饰,或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词、副词的最高级时
This is the most interesting film
that I’ve ever
seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
3.
当先行词被the last, the
only,the very等修饰时,
The only thing that we can do is to
give you some advice.
我们所能做的唯一的事情就是给你一点建议。
4.
当先行词既有指人的名词又有指物的名词时
The singer and her songs that you have
just talked anout are really well known. 你刚刚谈到的那个歌手和她的歌是非常有名的。
5.
当主语是以who或which引导的特殊疑问词时
Who is the
girl that won the gold medal? 赢得金牌的那个女孩是谁?
6.
句中有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词以用which时,另一个宜用that
They
secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could
cause pollution. 他们秘密地建了一个生产污染性产品的小工厂。
二.
关系词只用which 的情况
1.
关系代词前有介词时只用which
Galileo built a telescope through
which he could study the skies.
伽利略制造了一架能通过它研究天体的望远镜。
2.
引导非限定性定语从句时
3.
Football,
which is a very interesting game, is played all over the
world. 足球,是一项全世界都在进行的很有趣的体育运动。
4.
先行词本身是that, those时常用which
What’t
that which flashed in the sky just now? 刚才在天空中闪烁的是什么?
5.
后有插入语时
Here is the English grammar book
which, as I’ve told you,
will help improve your English. 这有一本语法书,正如我告诉你的那样,它能够提高你的英语水平。
三.
介词+which/whom 的用法
1.
“介词+which/whom”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用which 或whom。
“介词+which/whom”在定语从句中作时间、地点、原因状语,相当于when,
where和why。
He still remembers the day on
which(=when)he won the prize.
他仍然记得他获奖的那一天。
2.
在定语从句中作目的,方式状语
There is a big window in my room
through which I can
see the shop.
我的房间有个大窗户,从那儿我可以看到一家商店。
3.
在含有被动结构的定语从句中作状语,表示动作的执行者
The thief
by whom the bikes were stolen was arrested this
morning.
偷自行车的那个小偷今天早晨被逮捕了。
4.
“不定代词、数词或名词+which”在定语从句中作主语
I
read some books , the covers of which are yellow
with years.
我读了一些书,那些书的封皮因时间长发黄了。
He
has two sons, both of whom are doctors. 他有两个儿子,他们都是医生。
5.
“介词+which/whom”中介词的选择
⑴
根据短语动词中介词的搭配关系选择介词
Don’t bring children to see the animals of which they are
afraid. (be afraid of 害怕) 不要带孩子去看他们害怕的动物。
Don’t bring children to see the animals that/ which they
are afraid of. 当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which(指物),that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语,而且作介词宾语的关系代词往往可以省略。
⑵ 由先行词的习惯搭配或根据先行词的需要选择介词
The speed at which light
travels is 300,000 km per second. (at the speed of …以…速度)
光传播的速度是300,000千米每秒。
The reason
for which he didn’t come to school was that he was ill. (for a
certain reason 由于某种原因) 他没来校的原因是他病了。
6. 部分含有介词的短语动词不能拆开,即介词不能放在关系代之前,如:look after, look for,
take care of, take part in 等。
Is this the book which he is looking
for? 这是他正在找的书吗?
7. whose引导的定语从句,先行词可指人或物,whose
在从句中作定语,whose+n.相当于“the+n.+of+whom/which”或“of+whom/which+the+n.”结构。
I’d like a
room whose window (= the window of which/ of which the window)faces
the sea. 我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
四.
关系副词引导定语从句
1引导定语从句表时间,地点,原因的关系副词when,where,why在从句中代替先行词作状语不可省略,有时可用“介词+which”代替
This is the house where(in which)we
lived . 这是我们住过的那所房子。
I will never forget the time
when I joined the
Party. 我永远也不会忘记我入党的那个时刻。
五.
as 和which 的区别
1.
as和which引导的非限定性定语从句,都可以用来代替整个主句或主句中的一部分内容,有时两者可以互换。
She won the prize, which(as)made her
happy. 她获奖