冠词的用法讲解及练习题
2017-10-30 15:07阅读:
冠词的用法讲解及练习题
冠词的用法
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the
Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero
Article)。
不定冠词a(an)与数词one 同源,是“一个”的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]。
不定冠词的用法:
1)表示“一个”,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2)代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
3)词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many /
many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a
short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an
eye on / all of a sudden
定冠词的用法
定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有“那(这)个”的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
1)特指双方都明白的人或物:
Take the medicine.把药吃了。
2)上文提到过的人或事:
He bought a house. I’ve been to the
house.
他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
3)指世上独一物二的事物:
the sun,the
sky,the
moon,the
earth
4)单数名词连用表示一类事物:
如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich
富人;the living
生者。
5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面:
Where do you live?I
live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。
That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。
6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:
They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)
They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)
7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:
She caught me by the arm…… 她抓住了我的手臂。
8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:
the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国
the United States 美国
9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:
She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。
10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:
the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)
11)用在惯用语中:
in the day,in the
morning (afternoon,evening),the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterday,the next morning,
in the sky (water,field,country)
in the dark,in the
rain,in the
distance,
in the middle (of),in the
end,
on the whole,by the
way,go to the
theatre
零冠词的用法
1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;
2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;
They are teachers. 他们是教师。
3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;
Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。
4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;
Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。
5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;
We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词(Professor Liu)
;
The guards took the American to General Lee.
士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词;
如:have breakfast,play chess
8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;
I can’t write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。
9)当by
与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by bus,by
train;
10)有些个体名词不用冠词;
如:school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;
go to hospital 去医院看病
go to the hospital 去医院
(并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
11)不用冠词的序数词;
a. 序数词前有物主代词
b. 序数词作副词:He came
first in the race.
c. 在固定词组中:at
(the)first,first of all,from first to last
冠词的用法练习题
冠词填空:在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词,不需用冠词处划×。
1.There is _______
picture of _______ elephant on ______
wall.
2.This is _______
useful book.I've read it for _______ hour.
3. _______
elephant is much heavier than _______
horse.
4____ doctor told him to take _____ medicine
three times____day.
5.Let's go out for
_______ walk.
6.It's too
hot.Open _______
door,please.
7.There is _______
woman over there. _______ woman is Meimei's mother.
8. _______ sun
rises in _______ east.
9______ Changjiang River is____ longest river in
_____ China.
10.Are you going to do
it _______ second time?
11.Washington is
_______ capital of _______ USA.
12._____
Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner
Street.
13.He joined the army
in _______ spring of _______ 1995.
14__old man is__teacher. He likes
playing__basketball after __supper.
15.After I had _______
quick breakfast,I hurried to school.
16.Are _______
sheep kept by _______ farmers for producing _______
wool and _______ meat?
17.They went to
_______ People's Park,but we both went to _______
People's Cinema yesterday.
18.I often watch
_______ TV in _______ evening.
19. _______ day
of _______ December 20,1999 is Monday.
20.Tomorrow is _______
Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose
_______ Christmas tree today.
II.选择填空。
1.—Does Jim have
_______ ruler?
—Yes,he has _______ .
A.an;some
B.a;one
C.a;/ D.any;one
2.There is _______
old bike. _______ old bike is Mr Zhao's.
A.an
;The
B.the;An
C.a;The
D.the;The
3. _______
apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay.
A.The
B.A C.An
D.Two
4.—How many books do
you have?
—I have _______ book.That's _______ English
book.
A.a;an
B.a;one
C.one;an
D.one;one
5.At that time Tom was
_______ one-year-old baby.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
6. _______
tiger is _______ China.
A.The;a
B.A;the
C.The;from
D.The;the
7.We can't see _______
sun at _______ night.
A.the;the
B.the;/ C.a;/ D./;/
8. _______
useful book it is!
A.What an
B.How a C.What a
D.What
9.One afternoon he
found _______ handbag.There was _______ “s”on the
corner of _______ handbag.
A.a;an;the
B.a;a;the
C.an;an;an
D.the;a;a
10. _______ old
lady with white hair spoke _______ English well at _______
meeting.
A.An;an;a
B.The;/;an
C.The;/;a
D.The;/;the
11. _______
Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the
world.
A.A;a
B.The;the
C.A;the
D.The;a
12. _______ new
bridge has been built over Huangpu River.
A.The;a
B.A;/
C.A;the
D.An;the
13. _______
woman over there is _______ popular teacher in our
school.
A.A;an
B.The;a
C.The;the D.A;the
14.He used to be
_______ teacher but later he turned _______
writer.
A.a;a
B.a;the
C./;a
D.a;/
15.They made him
_______ king.
A.a
B.the
C.an
D./
16.His father is
_______ English teacher.He works in our
school.
A.a
B.an
C.the D./
17.Is he _______
American boy ?
A.an
B.a
C.one D./
18.Does Tom often play
_______ football after _______
school?
A./;/
B./;the
C.the;/ D.a;/
19.They passed our
school _______ day before yesterday.
A.an
B.one
C.a
D.the
20.Australia is
_______ English-speaking country.
A.a
B.an
C.the D./
21.She has _______
orange skirt. _______ skirt is nice.
A.a;The
B.an;The
C.an;A
D.the;The
22.This is _______
apple.It's
_______ big apple.
A.an;a
B.a;the
C.a;an
D.an;the
23.Look at _______
horse over there.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
24.Don't play _______
basketball here.It's dangerous.
A.a
B.an
C./
D.the
25.There is _______
old woman in the car.
A./
B.the
C.a
D.an
26.Beijing is _______
beautiful city.It's _______ capital of China.
A.a;a
B.the;the
C./;the
D.a;the
27.Shanghai is in
_______ east of China.
A./
B.an
C.a
D.the
28.I've been a student
there for nearly two and _______ half
years.
A.a
B.an
C.the
D./
29.Bill is _______
English teacher.He likes playing _______ football.
A.a;the
B.an;the
C.a;/ D.an;/
30.The museum is quite
far.It will take
you half _______ hour to get there by _______
bus.
A.an;/ B.an;a
C.a;/
D./;/
初中英语冠词用法专项练习答案与详解
I.1.a;an;the
2.a;an。第一个空的a是泛指,第二个空的an是指“一小时”。
3.An;a。这两个空都是泛指,故都用不定冠词。
4.The;the;a。前两个空都是特指,故填the;后一个空中的a相当于every或each,three
times a day意为“一天三次”。
5.a。go out for a walk意为“出去散步”。
6.the
7.a;The。前者泛指,后者特指。
8.The;the。第一个空用the表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体;第二个空用the是因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。
9.The;the,×。第一空用the是因为在河流名称的前面用定冠词;第二空用the是因为在形容词最高级前面用定冠词;第三空“零”冠词是因为专有名词前一般不加冠词。
10.a。a second time意为“再一次”、“另一次”。the
second time意为“第二次”。此句填a是表示动作的重复,而不能用the(表顺序)。
11.the;the。第一个the是特指美国的首都。第二个the是在由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。
12.The。“the +姓氏的复数”表示“一家人”或“夫妻二人”。由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the。
13.the;×。表示在某一年的季节名称前应加定冠词。
14.The a;×;×。在球类名称前不加冠词。泛指的三餐名称前不加冠词。
15.a。三餐名称前若有形容词,则可在形容词前加冠词,此处是泛指,故用a。
16.×;×;×;×。此句意为“农民养羊是为了产毛和肉吗?”前两个空也可填定冠词,意为:“那些农民养的那些羊是为了产毛和肉吗?”
17.the;the。普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the。
18.×;the。TV前不加冠词。“早、午、晚”名词前加冠词。
19.The;×;×。第一空是特指。日期名词前不加冠词。
20×;a
II.
1.B。第一空是泛指;第二空的one是不定代词,用以替代前面的ruler。
2.A 3.C。这是一句谚语,意思是“一天吃一个苹果,用不着看医生。”
4.C。one强调数量,用以回答“Howmany...?”问句;第二个空是泛指,故用an。
5.A。one虽以元音字母开头,但以辅音音素[w]开头,故填a。
6.C。此句意为:“这只老虎来自中国。”
7.B。在“太阳、月亮、地球”的前面一般都加定冠词the;at night“在夜晚”,注意该短语中没有冠词。
8C 9.A。“s”虽为辅音字母,但却以元音音素[e]开头,故填an。
10.D。第一个空填the,是特指那个“白发老太太”;第二个空不填冠词,是因为在语言名称前面一般不加冠词。English后面如有language,就得说the
English language。“在会议上”应为at
the meeting。
11.B。the Great Wall长城。 12.C。第一个空是泛指,用a;第二个空是河流名称,故用the。
13.B。第一个空:“那边的那个妇女”,是特指;第二个空是指那个妇女的身份、职业,是泛指。
14.D。第一个空是泛指;第二个空用“零冠词”是因为turn后面的名词前一般都不加冠词。 15.D。表示某人的职位时可用“零冠词”。
16.B17.A 18.A。after
school放学以后。
19.D。the day before yesterday前天。
20.B21.B。第一空泛指,第二空特指。
22.A。两个空都是泛指。
23.C 24.C 25.D
26.D 27.D。in the
east of在某地区(内)的东部。
28.A。two and
a half years也可说成two years and
a half,意思都是“两年半”。
29D 30A。half an
hour半小时,by
bus乘公共汽车。
数词
表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
一、基数词
1)基数词写法和读法:
345 three hundred
and forty-five;
2)基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:
a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of
people 指许多人;
b. 在一些表示'一排'或'一组'的词组里;
如:They
arrived in twos and
threes. 他们三三两两的到达了。
c.
表示'几十岁';
d. 表示'年代',用 in +the
+数词复数;
e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x
5 = 15 Three fives is
(are) fifteen.
二、序数词
序数词的缩写形式: first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st
三、
数词的用法
1)倍数表示法
a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as
+ adj. + as
I have three
times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。
b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the
size (amount,length…)
of…
The earth is 49 times the
size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。
c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+
形容词(副词)比较级+ than…
The grain output
is 8 percent higher this
year than that of last
year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%。
d. 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍
The production of grain
has been increased by four
times this year. 今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
2)分数表示法
构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数:
1/3 one-third ; 3/37 three
and three-sevenths.
数词用法知多少
近几年的中考中,经常有涉及数词方面的知识,也是学生经常出错的地方。本文就数词的用法作一归纳,供大家在复习中参考。
一、 除了从1-12个基本数词(基数词)用不同的词表达外,从13-19后都有-teen后缀。
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten,
eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen,
fifteen,sixteen, seventeen,
eighteen, nineteen
二、 从20至90之间表整十的数词都跟后缀-ty。如:
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, eighty, ninety
表示“几使几”用整十加个位数构成,中间用连字符“-”。如:
twenty-one, thirty-two,
forty-three, fifty-four,
ninety-six
三、 表示几百,几千,几百万,十亿用数词1-9加hundred,thousand,
million,billion构成。如:
four hundred, five thousand,
seven million,
nine
billion
注意:几百几十之间一般用and连接。如:
three hundred and forty- nine, six hundred and
seven
四、 表示不确定的“数百”,“数百万”,“数千”,“数十亿”时,用“hundreds”,“thousands”,“millions”,“billions”加“of”构成。如:
There are hundreds of teachers in our school.
Thousands of students are studying
in our school.
The mountain is covered with billions of
trees.
五、 表示顺序的词(序数词)除1-3外,其余的后面都有后缀-th。如:
first, second, third,fourth, fifth, ninth, eleventh,
twelfth
六、 整十的序数词后面是由基数词变y为i,再加eth构成。如:
twenty→ twentieth,
eighty→eightieth, ninety→ninetieth
其余的整数加个位数构成的词,只变个位数为序数词即可。如:
twenty-nine→twenty-ninth,forty-five→forty-fifth,fifty-six→fifty-sixth,sixty-seven→sixty-seventh,ninety-seven→
ninety-seventh
七、 序数词前一般加定冠词the,但有时加不定冠词表示“又一”,“再一”等。如:
I have tried twice. I want to try a third time.
He has failed three times. He will try a fourth time.
八、 数词与名词连用时,如几号,几班,几年级,房间号及邮编号码时,首字母都大写。如:
Number One, Class Three,
Grade Two, Room
218, Zip
Code 257091
九、 表示倍数的大小时,两倍用twice表达,三倍以上用数词加times表达。如:
My school is twice as large as theirs.
Five times seven is 35.
十、分数的表达:分子基数词,分母序数词,分子大于1,分母加s。如:
1/4→ one fourth,3/4→ three
fourths(three quarters),
1/5→ one fifth, 4/5 →four
fifths
十一、小数的表达,小数点读作point,其余的按基数词读出。如:
0.2 →zero point two, 5.79 →five point seven nine
十二、百分数的表达,百分号读作percent。如:
10%→ ten percent,
16%→ sixteen percent, 0.7% →point seven
percent, 89%→eighty-nine percent
十三、数词算式表达:+→plus,-→minus,×→multiplied
÷→divided。如:
5+7→five plus seven,
9-3→nine minus
three, 8×9→eight multiplied by nine, 64÷8→sixty
divided by eight, 6:5 →the ratio of six to five, 42 →four
squared, 33→three-cubed,
54→the
fourth power of five
十四、与数有关的几个常用单词及词组。如:
half 一半, a dozen 一打,
dozens of 几十, a score
二十, scores
of 许多, several(a few),几个,数个