新浪博客

冠词的用法讲解及练习题

2017-10-30 15:07阅读:

冠词的用法讲解及练习题

冠词的用法
冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。
不定冠词aan)与数词one 同源,是一个的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作[e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]
不定冠词的用法:
1)表示一个,意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain
A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.
2)代表一类人或物。
A knife is a tool for cutting with.
Mr. Smith is an engineer.
3)词组或成语。
a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden
定冠词的用法
定冠词the与指示代词thisthat同源,有那(这)个的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。
1)特指双方都明白的人或物:
Take the medicine.把药吃了。
2)上文提到过的人或事:
He bought a house. I’ve been to the house.
他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。
3)指世上独一物二的事物:
the sunthe skythe moonthe earth
4)单数名词连用表示一类事物:
如:the dollar 美元;the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人;the living 生者。
5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词onlyverysame等前面:
Where do you liveI live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。
That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。
6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:
They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)
They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)
7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:
She caught me by the arm…… 她抓住了我的手臂。
8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前:
the People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国
the United States 美国
9)用在表示乐器的名词之前:
She plays the piano.她会弹钢琴。
10)用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:
the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)
11)用在惯用语中:
in the dayin the morning afternoonevening),the day after tomorrow
the day before yesterdaythe next morning
in the sky waterfieldcountry
in the darkin the rainin the distance
in the middle of),in the end
on the wholeby the waygo to the theatre
零冠词的用法
1)国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:EnglandMary
2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;
They are teachers. 他们是教师。
3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;
Failure is the mother of success.失败乃成功之母。
4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词;
Man cannot live without water.人离开水就无法生存。
5)在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词;
We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词Professor Liu
The guards took the American to General Lee.
士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
7)在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,不加冠词;
如:have breakfastplay chess
8)当两个或两个以上名词并用时,常省去冠词;
I can’t write without pen or pencil.没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。
9)当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,中间无冠词;by busby train
10)有些个体名词不用冠词;
如:schoolcollegeprisonmarkethospitalbedtableclasstownchurchcourt 等个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示该名词的深层含义;
go to hospital 去医院看病
go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
11)不用冠词的序数词;
a. 序数词前有物主代词
b. 序数词作副词:He came first in the race.
c. 在固定词组中:at thefirstfirst of allfrom first to last
冠词的用法练习题
冠词填空:在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词,不需用冠词处划×
1There is _______ picture of _______ elephant on ______ wall
2This is _______ useful bookI've read it for _______ hour
3 _______ elephant is much heavier than _______ horse
4____ doctor told him to take _____ medicine three times____day
5Let's go out for _______ walk
6It's too hotOpen _______ doorplease
7There is _______ woman over there _______ woman is Meimei's mother
8 _______ sun rises in _______ east
9______ Changjiang River is____ longest river in _____ China
10Are you going to do it _______ second time
11Washington is _______ capital of _______ USA
12_____ Turners are living at the end of _______ Turner Street
13He joined the army in _______ spring of _______ 1995
14__old man is__teacher. He likes playing__basketball after __supper
15After I had _______ quick breakfastI hurried to school
16Are _______ sheep kept by _______ farmers for producing _______ wool and _______ meat
17They went to _______ People's Parkbut we both went to _______ People's Cinema yesterday
18I often watch _______ TV in _______ evening
19 _______ day of _______ December 201999 is Monday
20Tomorrow is _______ Christmas Day and my father and I went to choose _______ Christmas tree today
II.选择填空。
1—Does Jim have _______ ruler
—Yeshe has _______
Aansome Baone Ca;/ Danyone
2There is _______ old bike _______ old bike is Mr Zhao's
Aan The BtheAn CaThe DtheThe
3 _______ apple a day keeps the doctors aw ay
AThe BA CAn DTwo
4—How many books do you have
—I have _______ bookThat's _______ English book
Aaan Baone Conean Doneone
5At that time Tom was _______ one-year-old baby
Aa Ban Cthe D./
6 _______ tiger is _______ China
AThea BAthe CThefrom DThethe
7We can't see _______ sun at _______ night
Athethe Bthe;/ Ca;/ D./;/
8 _______ useful book it is
AWhat an BHow a CWhat a DWhat
9One afternoon he found _______ handbagThere was _______ “s”on the corner of _______ handbag
Aaanthe Baathe Cananan Dtheaa
10 _______ old lady with white hair spoke _______ English well at _______ meeting
AAnana BThe;/;an CThe;/;a DThe;/;the
11 _______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world
AAa BThethe CAthe DThea
12 _______ new bridge has been built over Huangpu River
AThea BA;/ CAthe DAnthe
13 _______ woman over there is _______ popular teacher in our school
AAan BThea CThethe DAthe
14He used to be _______ teacher but later he turned _______ writer
Aaa Bathe C./;a Da;/
15They made him _______ king
Aa Bthe Can D./
16His father is _______ English teacherHe works in our school
Aa Ban Cthe D./
17Is he _______ American boy
Aan Ba Cone D./
18Does Tom often play _______ football after _______ school
A./;/ B./;the Cthe;/ Da;/
19They passed our school _______ day before yesterday
Aan Bone Ca Dthe
20Australia is _______ English-speaking country
Aa Ban Cthe D./
21She has _______ orange skirt _______ skirt is nice
AaThe BanThe CanA DtheThe
22This is _______ appleIt's _______ big apple
Aana Bathe Caan Danthe
23Look at _______ horse over there
Aa Ban Cthe D./
24Don't play _______ basketball hereIt's dangerous
Aa Ban C./ Dthe
25There is _______ old woman in the car
A./ Bthe Ca Dan
26Beijing is _______ beautiful cityIt's _______ capital of China
Aaa Bthethe C./;the Dathe
27Shanghai is in _______ east of China
A./ Ban Ca Dthe
28I've been a student there for nearly two and _______ half years
Aa Ban Cthe D./
29Bill is _______ English teacherHe likes playing _______ football
Aathe Banthe Ca;/ Dan;/
30The museum is quite farIt will take you half _______ hour to get there by _______ bus
Aan;/ Bana Ca;/ D./;/
初中英语冠词用法专项练习答案与详解
I1aanthe
2aan。第一个空的a是泛指,第二个空的an是指一小时
3Ana。这两个空都是泛指,故都用不定冠词。
4Thethea。前两个空都是特指,故填the;后一个空中的a相当于everyeachthree times a day意为一天三次
5ago out for a walk意为出去散步 6the
7aThe。前者泛指,后者特指。
8Thethe。第一个空用the表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体;第二个空用the是因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。
9Thethe×。第一空用the是因为在河流名称的前面用定冠词;第二空用the是因为在形容词最高级前面用定冠词;第三空冠词是因为专有名词前一般不加冠词。
10aa second time意为再一次另一次the second time意为第二次。此句填a是表示动作的重复,而不能用the(表顺序)。
11thethe。第一个the是特指美国的首都。第二个the是在由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加定冠词。
12The“the +姓氏的复数表示一家人夫妻二人。由普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the
13the×。表示在某一年的季节名称前应加定冠词。
14The a××。在球类名称前不加冠词。泛指的三餐名称前不加冠词。
15a。三餐名称前若有形容词,则可在形容词前加冠词,此处是泛指,故用a
16××××。此句意为农民养羊是为了产毛和肉吗?前两个空也可填定冠词,意为:那些农民养的那些羊是为了产毛和肉吗?
17thethe。普通名词构成的专有名词前应加the
18×theTV前不加冠词。早、午、晚名词前加冠词。
19The××。第一空是特指。日期名词前不加冠词。
20×a
II
1B。第一空是泛指;第二空的one是不定代词,用以替代前面的ruler
2A 3C。这是一句谚语,意思是一天吃一个苹果,用不着看医生。
4Cone强调数量,用以回答“Howmany...?问句;第二个空是泛指,故用an
5Aone虽以元音字母开头,但以辅音音素[w]开头,故填a
6C。此句意为:这只老虎来自中国。
7B。在太阳、月亮、地球的前面一般都加定冠词theat night“在夜晚,注意该短语中没有冠词。
8C 9A“s”虽为辅音字母,但却以元音音素[e]开头,故填an
10D。第一个空填the,是特指那个白发老太太;第二个空不填冠词,是因为在语言名称前面一般不加冠词。English后面如有language,就得说the English language在会议上应为at the meeting
11Bthe Great Wall长城。 12C。第一个空是泛指,用a;第二个空是河流名称,故用the
13B。第一个空:那边的那个妇女,是特指;第二个空是指那个妇女的身份、职业,是泛指。
14D。第一个空是泛指;第二个空用零冠词是因为turn后面的名词前一般都不加冠词。 15D。表示某人的职位时可用零冠词
16B17A 18Aafter school放学以后。
19Dthe day before yesterday前天。
20B21B。第一空泛指,第二空特指。
22A。两个空都是泛指。
23C 24C 25D 26D 27Din the east of在某地区(内)的东部。 28Atwo and a half years也可说成two years and a half,意思都是两年半
29D 30Ahalf an hour半小时,by bus乘公共汽车。
数词
  表示数目多少或顺序多少的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
 一、基数词
  1)基数词写法和读法: 345 three hundred and forty-five
  2)基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:
   a. of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of people 指许多人;
   b. 在一些表示'一排''一组'的词组里;
  如:They arrived in twos and threes. 他们三三两两的到达了。
   c. 表示'几十岁'
   d. 表示'年代',用 in +the +数词复数;
   e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.
 二、序数词
  序数词的缩写形式: first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st 
 三、 数词的用法
  1)倍数表示法
   a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as
    I have three times as many as you. 我有你三倍那么多。
   b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amountlength…) of…
    The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球是月球的49倍。
   c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…
   The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year. 今年比去年粮食产量增加8%
   d. 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍
   The production of grain has been increased by four times this year. 今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
  2)分数表示法
  构成:基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母。分子大于1时,分子的序数词用单数,分母序数词用复数:
  1/3 one-third 3/37 three and three-sevenths.
数词用法知多少
近几年的中考中,经常有涉及数词方面的知识,也是学生经常出错的地方。本文就数词的用法作一归纳,供大家在复习中参考。
一、 除了从1-12个基本数词(基数词)用不同的词表达外,从13-19后都有-teen后缀。
one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen fourteen fifteensixteenseventeen eighteen nineteen
二、 2090之间表整十的数词都跟后缀-ty。如:
twenty thirty forty fifty sixty eighty ninety
表示几使几用整十加个位数构成,中间用连字符“-”。如:
twenty-one thirty-two forty-three fifty-four ninety-six
三、 表示几百,几千,几百万,十亿用数词1-9hundredthousandmillionbillion构成。如:
four hundred five thousand seven millionnine billion
注意:几百几十之间一般用and连接。如:
three hundred and forty- nine six hundred and seven
四、 表示不确定的数百数百万数千数十亿时,用“hundreds”“thousands”“millions”“billions”“of”构成。如:
There are hundreds of teachers in our school. Thousands of students are studying in our school.
The mountain is covered with billions of trees.
五、 表示顺序的词(序数词)除1-3外,其余的后面都有后缀-th。如:
first second thirdfourth fifth ninth eleventh twelfth
六、 整十的序数词后面是由基数词变yi,再加eth构成。如:
twenty→ twentieth eighty→eightiethninety→ninetieth
其余的整数加个位数构成的词,只变个位数为序数词即可。如:
twenty-nine→twenty-ninthforty-five→forty-fifthfifty-six→fifty-sixthsixty-seven→sixty-seventhninety-seven→ ninety-seventh
七、 序数词前一般加定冠词the,但有时加不定冠词表示又一再一等。如:
I have tried twice. I want to try a third time.
He has failed three times. He will try a fourth time.
八、 数词与名词连用时,如几号,几班,几年级,房间号及邮编号码时,首字母都大写。如:
Number One Class Three Grade Two Room 218 Zip Code 257091
九、 表示倍数的大小时,两倍用twice表达,三倍以上用数词加times表达。如:
My school is twice as large as theirs.
Five times seven is 35.
十、分数的表达:分子基数词,分母序数词,分子大于1,分母加s。如:
1/4→ one fourth3/4→ three fourthsthree quarters), 1/5→ one fifth 4/5 →four fifths
十一、小数的表达,小数点读作point,其余的按基数词读出。如:
0.2 →zero point two 5.79 →five point seven nine
十二、百分数的表达,百分号读作percent。如:
10%→ ten percent 16%→ sixteen percent 0.7% →point seven percent, 89%→eighty-nine percent
十三、数词算式表达:+→plus,-→minus×→multiplied ÷→divided。如:
5+7→five plus seven 93→nine minus three8×9→eight multiplied by nine64÷8→sixty divided by eight65 →the ratio of six to five 42 →four squared 33→three-cubed 54→the fourth power of five
十四、与数有关的几个常用单词及词组。如:
half 一半, a dozen 一打, dozens of 几十, a score 二十, scores of 许多, severala few),几个,数个

我的更多文章

下载客户端阅读体验更佳

APP专享