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英语魔法师之语法俱乐部——第3章——2017-08-04——01

2017-08-04 20:42阅读:
动词时态
简单式:
根据时间副词来判断时间段。以判断过去、现在和未来。
1、The U.S. [established] diplomatic relations with the P.R.C. (in 1079)
in1979, 表示时间段。是在过去发生的
established, 是动词,由于是过去发生的事, 所以用过去式。
2、The movable print [was] [introduced] to England (in 1485).
in 1485, 表示时间段, 是在过去发生的。
was, be动词, 决定时态, 用过去式。
introduced, 动词, 表示被动。
was introduced,
这个地方感觉还是有点怪怪的。回头再来研究一下。


3、I [was] visiting clients (the whole day yesterday).
the whole day yesterday, 表示时间段,是在过去发生的。
was, be动词, 决定时代, 对应过去发生的, 用过去式。
4、I [was] watiching TV (when I heard the door bell).
when I heard the door bell, heard, 过去式, 表示是在过去发生的。
was, be动词, 决定时态, 对应过去发生的, 用过去式。
5、The witness [was] being questioned in court (when he had a heart attack)
when he had a heart attack, had, 过去式, 表示是在过去发生的。
was, be动词, 决定时态, 对应过去发生的, 用过去式。
6、Huang [pitches
] a fast ball. Li [swings]. It [looks] like a hit. The shortstop [fails] to stop it. It (is) a double!
it. It (is) a double! , is , 现在式, 表示正在发生的。
pitches, 现在式
swings, 现在式
fails, 现在式
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现在时间
1、Bush (is) the U.S. President.
2、 All mothers (love) their children.
3、7-11 [is] selling big cokes at a discount (this month).
4、According to the NASA survey, the ozone layer (is) being depleted.
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未来时间
1、There [will be] a major election (in March) ——这里假定了March(三月)还没到来。
2、Don't call me at six tomorrow. I [will still be] sleeping (then).
then, 对应at six tomorrow, 明天6点。未来
will be, 表示未来
3、The building [will be] razed (next month)
next month, 下个月, 未来
will be, 表示未来
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完成式
不对发生的时间段做明确交代。只表示“曾经”“发生过” “做过”的意思。
1、I (am) sure I [have seen] this face somewhere.
am, 表示现在, 时间截止到现在。
have seen, 过去看过。已经完成的。但是过去的什么时候完成并不需要明确交代。
2、We [have been] working overtime (for a week) to fill your order.
for a week, 到现在有一整周
have been, 表示已经完成的。在这一整周的时间内完成的。
3、The house [has been] redecorated twice (since they moved in).
since they moved in. 表示从他们搬进来到现在。
has been, 表示已经完成的。


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过去时间
在……之前,就有过(发生过)……
1、Many soldiers [had died] from pneumonia (before the discovery of penicillin)
before the discovery of penicillin , 在盘尼西林被发明之前。 过去的某个时间段之前。
had died, 在过去某个时间段之前,就已经发生的事(died)


2、I [had been] smoking three packs of cigarettes a day (before I decided to quit).
before I decided to quit. 在我打算戒烟之前。 decided, 过去就决定要戒烟
had been, 在决定戒烟之前的抽烟的状态。过去完成时。
3、Japan [had not been] defeated yet (by the time Germany surrendered) unconditionally.
by the time Germany surrendered 在德国投降的时候
had not been, 突然觉得 有点不太好描述。先意会,不言传了。


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未来时间
未来时间的完成时,在动词前面加上will,即可
1、Next April, I will have worked here for 20 years.
Next April, 下一个4月, 未来的时间
will have worked, 将会工作……, 未来完成时
2、Come back at 5:00. Your car will have been fixed by then.
Come back at 5:00, by then. 5点再来, 届时……, 表示未来的时间
will have been 将会被……, 未来完成时
3、In two more minutes, she will have been talking on the phone for three hours!
In two more minutes, 再过2分多钟
will have been 将会……, 未来完成时
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脑图:
英语魔法师之语法俱乐部——第3章——2017-08-04——01
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练习
1、So far we (have heard) nothing from him.
so far, 目前为止, 所以考虑使用现在完成时。
后面有nothing, 所以排除have not heard。不做2次否定。
2、At present a new road (is being built) in that part of the city.
At present, 现在, 表示现在进行时
road, 只能被build
3、Our city (has changed) a great deal. It doesn't resemble the one of three years ago.
three years ago. 3年前, 也就意味着,是拿现在和过去比。
和3年前不一样了。表示变化已经发生了。
所以是现在完成时。
4、When Anna phoned me I had just finished my work and (was starting) to take a bath.
had just finished, 过去完成时, 表示过去的时间。
过去的时间中, 工作完, 打算去洗澡。 相当于过去将来进行时。
5、There (have been) some very bad storms recently.
recently, 最近, 不久前。 相当于从现在算起, 不久前。所以是现在完成时。
表示有, 句型为There is/are, 现在完成时的'有':There have been
6、The future price of this stock (will be determined) by several factors.
The future price, 未来的价格, 未来时间
股票未来的价格被一些因子决定。 determined, 表示被决定。 will be determined, 将会被……决定。未来完成时。
7、The camera was invented in the 19th century. At that time, most photographers (were) professionals.
was invented in the 19th century. 19世纪时被引进。过去完成时。
At that time, 时间依然停留在过去。
描述摄影师当年就专业, 是过去式, 直接用were最合适。
8、The whole area was flooded because it (had been raining) for weeks.
was flooded 过去式。
because……导致过去发生某事的原因。这个原因,为过去完成时。
9、By next Sunday you (will have stayed) with us for three months. By next Sunday, 到下周日为止, 未来完成时。
10、We could smell that some one (had been smoking) a cigar.
could smell 过去式
闻到过去的某人在抽烟。 过去完成时。
Boy: Do you want go to and see with me tonight?
Girl: No! I (have seen) it.
Boy: Oh, really? When did you see it?
Girl: I (went) to see it the first day it was on——last Monday.
Boy: To tell you the truth, I have seen it too. In fact, I (had seen) it before you did.
Girl: That's impossible. I told you I saw it the first day it was on.
Boy: But it's the truth! I (saw) it seven or eight years ago, the last time that old picture (came) in town.
Girl: In that case, why did you ask me to go in the first place?
Boy: Well, I just (wanted) to go out with you tonight. Since you have seen the picture, will you go to the baseball game with me instead?
Girl: I (guess) I will, if Father says Okay. But you will have to pick me up at my place.
Boy: Great! I (will see) you at 5:30 then. I'll bring my car.
Girl: But why 5:30? Why not seven o'clock?
Boy: Because the game (will have started) by then. These evening games (begin) at 6:30, you know. Don't forget now, 5:30 at your place.

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