2009年英语一阅读理解 Text1
2017-12-28 22:42阅读：
阅读原文
Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly,
setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious
comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the
unreflecting herd,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In
the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a
negative connotation.
So it seems antithetical to talk about habits in the same
context as creativity and innovation. But brain researchers have
discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create
parallel synaptic paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that
can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative
tracks.
But don’t bother trying to kill off habits: once those ruts
of procedure are worn into the hippocampus, they’re there to stay.
Instead, the new habits we deliberately ingrain into ourselves
create parallel pathways that can bypass those old
roads.
“The first
thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder,” says
Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an executive change
consultant for Professional Thinking Partners. “But we are taught
instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president calls himself ‘the
Decider.’ ” she adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all
possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always
exploring the many other possibilities.”
All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re
unaware,she says. Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans
are born with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary
ways: analytical, procedurally, relationally(or collaboratively)
and innovatively. At puberty, however, the brain shuts down half of
that capacity, preserving only those modes of thought that have
seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of
life.
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights
analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us inherently use our
innovative and collaborative modes of thought. “This breaks the
major rule in the American belief system-that anyone can do
anything,” explains M.J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book “This Year I
Will…” and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “ That’s a lie that we
have perpetuated, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re
good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is
where developing new habits comes in.
题目
21. This view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by
being_____.
[A] casual
[B] familiar
[C] mechanical
[D] changeable
22. The researchers have discovered that the
formation(形成) of habit can
be_____.
[A] predicted
[B] regulated
[C] traced
[D] guided
23. “ruts” (in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning
to_____.
[A] tracks
[B] series
[C] characteristics
[D] connections
24．Ms. Markova’s comments suggest
that the practice of standard testing___?
[A] prevents new habits from being formed.
[B] no longer emphasizes commonness.
[C] maintains the inherent American thinking
model.
[D] complies with the American belief system.
25. Ryan most probably agree that
[A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind.
[B] innovativeness could be taught.
[C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas.
[D] curiosity activates creative minds.
全文翻译
习惯是件很有趣的事情。我们不费心思地到达习惯，设置我们的大脑为自动模式并且轻松地进入熟悉路线的无意识舒适状态。19世纪William
Wordsworth说：“不是选择，而是习惯控制了那些不思考的蠢人”在千变万化的21世纪，甚至词语“习惯”带有消极的意思。
因此将习惯于创造和革新在相同的内容进行讨论时，习惯似乎是他们的对立面。但是，大脑研究者们发现当我们考虑发展新的习惯时。我们会创造出平行的突出路径，甚至完全新的大脑细胞，可以跳出思想路径进入新的，创新的轨道。
但是，不要试图去消除他们，一旦他们生成的痕迹进入到海马（大脑中的一个部位），他们将永远待在里面。相反，我们有意生成的在我们脑子里根深蒂固的新习惯创造出平行的路径，这些路径可以绕过旧的路径。
《开放大脑》的作者Dawna
Markova，同时她也是职业思维合作者的一名行政变更顾问，她说“对于革新所需要的第一件事情是有着迷的惊奇”她补充说:“但是，我们被教育的相反是‘决定’，正如我们的总统称他们自己是‘决裁者’，决定就是小美所有的可能性只留下一种。好的创新思维者常常去探索许多其他中可能。”
她说，我们所有的工作都发生在我们无意识的情况下。在1960年后期，研究者们报导人们与生俱来的迎接挑战的主要方式有四种：分析地，程序化地，联系地（或者合作地）和创新地。然而，在青春期，大脑关闭了这些能力的一般，仅仅保留了在生命的前十年似乎最有价值的那些思维模式。
现流行的标准测试着重于强调分析和程序分析，意味着很少有人天性地使用我们思维模式中的创新和协作能力。2006年《今年我将…》的作者M.J.
Ryan和Ms.
Markova的商业伙伴解释道：“这个打破了美国人信仰系统的主要规则——任何人可以做任何事，那是一个长存的谎言，而且助长了平庸。了解你擅长什么，并且多去实践它就会创造不平凡。”这是发展新习惯的来源。
逐句翻译
第一段
Habits are a funny thing.
习惯是件很有趣的事情。
We reach for them
mindlessly(不费心思地；愚蠢地),
setting our brains on
auto-pilot(自动舵)
and relaxing into the unconscious
comfort(安慰；舒适)
of familiar routine.
我们不费心思地到达习惯，设置我们的大脑为自动模式并且轻松地进入熟悉路线的无意识舒适状态。
“Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting
herd(放牧；使成群；兽群；放牧人),”
William Wordsworth said in the 19th century.
19世纪William
Wordsworth说：“不是选择，而是习惯控制了那些不思考的蠢人”
In the
ever-changing(千变万化；常变的)
21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative
connotation(内涵；含蓄；暗示).
在千变万化的21世纪，甚至词语“习惯”带有消极的意思。
第二段
So it seems
antithetical(对立的，正相反的)
to talk about habits in the same context as
creativity(创造力；创造性)
and
innovation(创新，革新；新方法).
因此将习惯于创造和革新在相同的内容进行讨论时，习惯似乎是他们的对立面。
But brain researchers have discovered that when we
consciously develop new habits, we create parallel
synaptic(突触的)
paths, and even
entirely(完全地；彻底地)
new brain cells, that can jump our
trains(火车；行列；培养；训练)
of thought onto new, innovative
tracks(轨道).
但是，大脑研究者们发现当我们考虑发展新的习惯时。我们会创造出平行的突出路径，甚至完全新的大脑细胞，可以跳出思想路径进入新的，创新的轨道。
第三段
But don’t bother trying to kill off habits: once those
ruts
(惯例；凹槽) of
procedure(程序；步骤)
are worn
into(进入；掺和) the
hippocampus(海马),
they’re there to stay.
但是，不要试图去消除他们，一旦他们生成的痕迹进入到海马（大脑中的一个部位），他们将永远待在里面。
Instead, the new habits we
deliberately(故意地；谨慎地)
ingrain(固有品质；生染的；使…根深蒂固)
into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those
old roads.
相反，我们有意生成的在我们脑子里根深蒂固的新习惯创造出平行的路径，这些路径可以绕过旧的路径。
第四段
“The first thing needed for innovation is a
fascination(魅力；魔力；入迷)
with
wonder(惊奇；奇妙的；惊讶),”
says Dawna Markova, author of “The Open Mind” and an
executive(行政的；经营的；执行的；总经理；执行者)
change consultant for Professional Thinking
Partners.
《开放大脑》的作者Dawna
Markova，同时她也是职业思维合作者的一名行政变更顾问，她说“对于革新所需要的第一件事情是有着迷的惊奇”
“But we are taught instead to ‘decide,’ just as our president
calls himself ‘the Decider.’ ” she adds, however, that “to decide
is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational
thinker is always exploring the many other
possibilities.”
她补充说:“但是，我们被教育的相反是‘决定’，正如我们的总统称他们自己是‘决裁者’，决定就是小美所有的可能性只留下一种。好的创新思维者常常去探索许多其他中可能。”
第五段
All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re
unaware,she says.
她说，我们所有的工作都发生在我们无意识的情况下。
Researchers in the late 1960 covered that humans are born
with the capacity to approach challenges in four primary ways:
analytical, procedurally, relationally(or
collaboratively(合作地；协作地))
and innovatively.
在1960年后期，研究者们报导人们与生俱来的迎接挑战的主要方式有四种：分析地，程序化地，联系地（或者合作地）和创新地。
At
puberty(青春期；开花期),
however, the brain shuts down half of that capacity,
preserving(保留，保存)
only those modes of
thought(思维模式)
that have seemed most valuable during the first decade
or so(大约，左右) of
life.
然而，在青春期，大脑关闭了这些能力的一般，仅仅保留了在生命的前十年似乎最有价值的那些思维模式。
第六段
The current emphasis on standardized testing
highlights(强调；使突出)
analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us
inherently(内在地；固有地；天性地)
use our innovative and collaborative modes of
thought.
现流行的标准测试着重于强调分析和程序分析，意味着很少有人天性地使用我们思维模式中的创新和协作能力。
“This breaks the major rule in the American belief
system-that anyone can do anything,” explains M.J. Ryan, author of
the 2006 book “This Year I Will…” and Ms. Markova’s business
partner. “ That’s a lie that we have
perpetuated(长存的；使不朽),
and it fosters(培养；促进)
commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more
of it creates
excellence(优秀；美德；长处).”
2006年《今年我将…》的作者M.J.
Ryan和Ms.
Markova的商业伙伴解释道：“这个打破了美国人信仰系统的主要规则——任何人可以做任何事，那是一个长存的谎言，而且助长了平庸。了解你擅长什么，并且多去实践它就会创造不平凡。”
This is where developing new habits comes in.
这是发展新习惯的来源。
题目翻译
21. This view of Wordsworth habit is
claimed(声称；宣称；断言)
by being_____.
[A] casual
[B] familiar
[C] mechanical
[D] changeable
21.Wordsworth认为习惯是______。
[A] 随便的；非正式的；临时的；偶然的
[B] 熟悉的
[C] 机械的
[D] 易变的
22. The researchers have discovered that the
formation(形成) of habit can
be_____.
[A] predicted
[B] regulated
[C] traced
[D] guided
22.
研究者们已经发现习惯的形成是______。
[A] 可预言的
[B] 可管理的
[C] 可追寻的
[D] 可指导的
23. “ruts” (in line one, paragraph 3) has closest meaning
to_____.
[A] tracks
[B] series
[C] characteristics
[D] connections
23.
单词“ruts（第三段第一行）”的意思最接近_______。
[A] 轨道
[B] 系列
[C] 特点
[D] 连接
24．Ms. Markova’s comments suggest
that the practice of standard testing___?
[A] prevents new habits from being
formed.
[B] no longer emphasizes commonness.
[C] maintains the inherent American thinking
model.
[D] complies with the American belief system.
24. Ms.
Markova’s的评论暗示标准测试______？
[A] 阻碍新的习惯的形成。
[B] 不再强调共性。
[C] 维持着美国人与生俱来的思维模式
[D] 顺从美国人的信仰系统。
25. Ryan most probably agree that
[A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind.
[B] innovativeness could be taught.
[C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas.
[D] curiosity activates creative
minds.
25. Ryan最有可能同意
[A] 注意来自于轻松地思维。
[B] 创新可以被教授。
[C] 果断来自于令人着迷的想法。
[D] 好奇激活创新思维。
