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词汇教学案例分析与反思(语境化词汇教学)

2018-09-05 08:20阅读:
词汇的意义存在于特定的语境中,只有在上下文中词义才能明确和具体。如果脱离语境进行词汇教学,即使学生记住了词汇的形式和意义,也很难将其运用于实际交际活动中。因此,本次教学将词汇融入到句子和语篇当中,做到了词不离句,句不离篇教学模式。有效地将语境理论应用于英语词汇教学,我以高考中的高频词汇“take in”一词为例,讲解以依托语境词汇教学理论为依据的词汇教学方法的有效性。
take in ”一词意思很多,很难全面掌握,也许很多同学知道它的基本意思“吸纳、接受”以及“包括、包含”,但要记住和理解“take in”的其他几层意思,如“领悟,理解;欺骗;改小(衣服)”就不那么容易了。如此多的意思要学生一下子记住,的确有些不容易。如果我们把这些意思融入到用一些相关语境的句子中来掌握它,这些词汇的学习,就不会那么枯燥,效果也会大不一样了。比如:我们可以先把 take in”一词放在一些特定的语境中,呈现给学生一组相关例句.
  如:(1) The poor man had nowhere to live in, so we took him in;
   (2)Dont let yourself be taken in by his tricks;
   (3) The students found it easy to take in what their teacher had taught;
   (
4) The dress was too big, so I took it in;
   (5) The tour takes in six European capitals.
呈现例句后,教师把学生分成小组让学生先根据已有知识猜测句中词义,然后让学生自己总结该词汇的相关意思。如果学生在猜测词义的过程中如遇到较难的地方,教师可以适当的加以点拨,以利于学生准确把握这些短语的语境含义,这样以来学生就可以在理解例句的基本含义的基础上,进一步深层挖掘一下“take in”的本意,此时教师要引导学生分析“take in”的其他意思实际上都是由“take拿来”和“in在里面”的本意引申而来的,都与它的本意多多少少有所牵连,能扯上关系,这样就不仅有利于学生理解记忆,而且还可以引申的去记其他相类似的短语。在理清这些词义后老师还可以再趁热打铁,再通过展示以下填空题,汉译英,选择题及阅读理解题让学生活学活用。如:
 一、填空题:
The salesman finds it easy to take in old ladies.
这个推销员发现老太太们容易上当受骗。
The teacher had the feeling that what he said had not been taken in by the students.
演讲人觉得他说的许多话学生都没有领会。
He had nowhere to go, so I took him in.
他无处可去, 所以我收留了他。
The study of physics takes in many difficult subjects.
物理的学习包括许多困难的方面。
The boat is taking in water!
船进水啦!
二、汉译英
 (1). If you trust him, you will certainly be taken in.
如果你相信他, 你一定会受骗。
 (2). I wonder if he's really taking it in.
我想知道他是否真正明白了。
 (3). My house is full; I can't take in any more guests.
我的房子已客满, 不能再容纳更多的客人了。
 三、选择题
 Dont be ______ by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.
A taken off B taken out C taken away D taken in
 四、写作训练
  在学生做完这样的单句练习后,教师可以给学生一个场景,让学生用这些短语写一段简短的文章,要尽可能把这几个词都用上,同时还要注意这些短语的语境及用法。下面是学生的习作。
The other day, on my way to the countryside to take in the fresh air, I met with a boy trembling in the cold winter. He was in rags. I knew he had nowhere to go and nobody was willing to take him in. At that time I went up to him, and asked whether he needed to help. But I found he didn’t take in what I said. Then I gave him some money. I wanted him to buy some warm clothes. To my surprise, when he received the money, he ran away quickly. This time I realized I was taken in by the boy in rags.
学生要根据“take in”的语境含义,在完成此项写作任务时,无形当中操练了目标词汇。这种写作是很好的词汇教学活动。它不仅能帮助学生更好地理解词汇,熟记词汇含义,而且还可以帮助学生提高语言表达能力。
  通过以上的练习、训练和巩固,不仅能帮助学生理解词汇的语境含义,还能让学生熟记词汇的综合运用。通过以上的选择题我们还可以让学生既学习了新的词汇,又能同时复习旧的词汇,了解近义词组的用法,一举多得,知识得到了很好的拓展与迁移,符合学生的认知规律,教学效果显著。老师再顺势要求学生能做到举一反三,那就事半功倍了。通过如此这般地学习,笔者认为以后遇到有关“take in”的考题,学生做起来应该得心应手了。
  由此可见,所有英语词汇我们都可以通过语境来学习,切忌孤立地记忆,到了实际运用时又束手无策。

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