墨西哥卡崔娜骷髅头
2008-10-17 00:04阅读：
La Calavera de
la Catrina is a 1913 zinc etching by Mexican printmaker José
Guadalupe Posada. The image has since become a staple of Mexican
imagery, and often is incorporated into artistic manifestations of
the Day of the Dead in November, such as altars and calavera
costumes. The etching was part of his series of calaveras, which
were humorous images of contemporary figures depicted as skeletons,
which
often were accompanied by a poem.
The word catrina is the feminine form
of the word catrín, which means 'dandy'. The figure, depicted in an
ornate hat fashionable at the time, is intended to show that the
rich and fashionable, despite their pretensions to importance, are
just as susceptible to death as anyone else.
Two catrinas, about 15 inches tallTwo Catrina figurines, shown to
the right, each approximately 38 cm (15 in) tall, are among the
collection in the City Museum of León, Guanajuato, Mexico.
Popularized by José Guadalupe Posada, this Catrina is the skeleton
of an upper class woman and one of the most popular figures of the
Day of the Dead celebrations, which occur during two days, November
1 and November 2, corresponding with the Catholic holy days of All
Saints Day and All Souls Day. Although these holy days have a long
cultural history reaching into the prehistoric traditions of
several European cultures, many aspects of the Mexican festival
have indigenous origins in an Aztec festival dedicated to the
goddess Mictecacihuatl, who is represented by the Catrina. After
the conquest of Mexico, the Spanish superimposed their cultural
traditions upon the similar Aztec festival and a synthesis
occurred.
La Catrina, as it is commonly known,
was a popular print in Posada's day, but soon faded from the
popular memory. Along with the rest of Posada's prints, it was
revived by French artist and art historian Jean Charlot shortly
after the Mexican Revolution in the 1920s. La Catrina soon gained
iconic status as a symbol of uniquely Mexican art and was
reproduced en masse.
The image was incorporated into Diego
Rivera's mural Dream of a Sunday in Alameda Park, which also
includes images of his wife Frida Kahlo, Posada, and a self
portrait of Rivera. In addition to its use as a holiday symbol for
the Day of the Dead, the image also has been reinterpreted in
numerous forms, including sculpture.
In the animated series El Tigre: The
Adventures of Manny Rivera, the design of Sartana of the Death was
inspired by Catrina.
