简论《聊斋志异》的艺术语言风格
2012-05-04 16:13阅读：
●学位论文
简论《聊斋志异》的
艺术语言风格
内容提要：十七世纪中国杰出的文学家蒲松龄《聊斋志异》
之艺术语言，凸现出文言小说“文约而事丰”的风格。作者既创
造性地运用古代文学语言，又适当吸取和提炼那个时代民间的口
语方言，塑造出众多栩栩如生的人物形象，作品用典贴切、自
然，叙事、抒情简洁、畅达。行文中巧嵌诗词曲文、典故，妙笔
生花，具有工丽典雅而又能恰当表现对象的情状之特点，其人物
语言鲜活如画，声口毕肖，而尤以对话最见功力。“异史氏日”
更是上承史传，下启后世，别具一格，堪为文言小说之翘首。具
体来说，本文认为《聊斋志异》在运用艺术语言上主要从如下五
个方面表现出其风格特点：
一是引用典故，活脱自然。或者信手拈来，恰如其分；或者
灵活运用，不受拘泥；或者巧妙移植，通俗浅显。精到的用典，
使语言颇多趣味，意蕴盎然。
二是叙述语言，贴切简洁。既反映了一种“客观真奂?的认
识，又传达了一种“主观真诚”的感觉，还再现了一种“情境真
切”的体验。
三是诗词曲文，各具笔墨。《聊斋志异
》中，笤篇都篇幅短
小，却容量宏大，语言简洁，意蕴丰富。这除了用典之故外，与
行文中插入诗词曲文不无关系。不管是檄文判语，还是诗词曲文，酒令雅谑，都是各肖声口、各具本色。
四是人物对话，鲜活毕肖。不管是丑陋狞恶的厉鬼，娇艳迷
人的花妖，还是法术超众的仙师异人，都说着人间的语言，而且
这些语言都有着浓郁的生活气息和时代特色。
五是“异史氏日”，画龙点睛。作为作品中特殊的构成部分，
有的渲泄情感，抒发思想；有的舒展笔墨，铺陈渲染；有的蕴藉
隽永，寓意深远。“异史氏日”运用中的长短不拘、灵活多变的
形式，给作者的抒写带来了便利和自由，不但可以评价人和事，
还可以借题发挥，抨击种种社会丑恶，从而构成了这部名著艺术
内容上值得珍视的部分。
本文最后以概括的话语给蒲氏《聊斋志异》艺术语言风格画
了像：鲸波蜃气——汇阮藉之旷达、杜甫之沉郁于一身；“文约
事丰”——熔契诃夫的简洁、莎±比亚的弘博于一体；峻烈尖刻
——仿佛稽康、巴尔扎克合璧；古折奥峭——恰似屈原、李贺风
格。
关键词：蒲松龄；聊斋志异；艺术语言；文学风格
Abstract
The artistic language
in“The Strange Tales of
Liaozhai”by PuSon—
fling，all
outstanding Chinese writer in
the seventeenth century．，is
a
typical example of the
style“succinct in language
and，醅t rich in
eont—
ent”of
the novels in classical
Chinese．卟e author makes creative
Use of
classical Chinese and assimilates
and refines the popular
vernacular of his
My．He
portrayed a wide range of
vivid characted2：~Th，～e idioms
used are
precise and natural．The narration
and thede~ription are concise
and flu—
ent．The
quotations from poems．songs and
works in classics are
skillful—ly inserted in the
narration，and they are elegant
in style and
appmpriate
for the description of the
objects．The language of the
characters is vivid·
ly written and lifelike，especially in
the dialogs．The language style
in
the part“The Recorder of Marvels
comments”is outstanding among
all
t}le novels in classical
Chinese。which inherited and
developed the tradi—
tion of historical records,and is
the first practice in the
novels in elassi—
cal Chinese．To be specific，the writer
of this paper holds that
the style
of thw artistic language in“The
Strange Tales of Liaozhai”is
embodied
through the following five
aspects：
1．The idioms
quoted from the classic works
are vivid and natural，
and they are either picked
up easily and casually or
applied effectively
with no restrain in
form，or
transplanted skillfully in a
plain and familiar
tone．The
USe of idioms tnakes the
language mole interesting
and~4vid．
2．The language innarration is
precise and succinct．It
expresses
the understanding of
the“objecfivereality”and convey a
certain feeling
about the“subjective honesty”and reflected
the“real”life．
3．The range of the
quotations from lx)ems，songs and
lassic works
is very wide．Each of the tales in
Liaozhai is short and yet
rich in cont-
ent．The
language is succinct but the
content is rich．This is
partly due
to tlle idioms used but iS
Also closely related to the
insertion of the po-
gins，songs and quotations form
classic works．Either the
insertion of the
comments or the poems，songs and
quotations or the wine
p吵and
graceful kiddings are all vivid
and colorful．
4．The dialogs
0fthe characters are fresh and
vivid．Either the ugly
and ferocious ghests，the charming
and attractive flower汹奄or
the
fairies or the other supernatural
beings aJl speak our human
language，
whichis full oflife and
characteristie of山e time．
5．The part in“The Recorder
of Marvels comments”ends up a8
a
critical touch to the
whole．As
a special component of the
work，sortie
cormnents poured out the
author’s
feeling an dexpress his
ideas，some
ale beautifully wriRen and
presented with elaborate
account，others are
thought—provoking and rich in
content．The variety in length
and form
gives the author the liberty
and convenience for commenting
either on peo。
ple and subj~matter，or on
social evils SO as toexpress
his own views．
This part is tllUS a
noteworthy component in terms
ofthe its artistic content
for the work．
The paper draws
a conclusion ifor the style
ofthe artistic language in
“nao小ai”with a
sketch as follows：vigorous and
acute acombination of
Yuan Ji’s broadmindedness and Du
Fu’S profundity；SUCC in
ctln lan—
guage and yet rich in
content-—一a unity of
Chekhov’
s succinctness
and
Shakespeare’S extensiveness；sharp and
powerful—a union of Ji
Kang’
S and Balzac’s styles．
Keg words-'pu Songling
The Strange Tales of Liaozhai
artistic lan—
guage literarg stgh．
引
言
文学，主要用语言材料作为自己的构造手段，并以语言材料
的超常使用所产生的最佳艺术效果作为自己的追求目标。人们在
欣赏文学作品时，所领略到的是一个以各种语言手段构筑起来的
“意义世界”。这个意义世界和我们13常生活的世界相比既相似又
不同，令我们感到既亲切又陌生，被作者用语词编织的艺术境界
和艺术形象所感染，从中获得更多的是美感而非逋德上的教谕。
作为文学门类的小说也不例外，作家要把他构思成熟的生活图
画、人物形象传达给读者，让读者心目中也映现出色彩斑澜的图
