英语的倒装与前置
2010-11-25 17:20阅读：
英语的倒装与前置
英语中的倒装是指主语和谓语的位置颠倒，即：谓语放在主语的前面。主语和谓语完全颠倒过来的叫完全倒装；只把谓语的一部分提到句子前面的叫部分倒装；句子的其他部分放在句子前面，而主语和谓语正装的叫强调前置。
一、完全倒装。
一般只有一个动词作谓语，主语和谓语完全颠倒过来的的句子。
1、动词“have”和系动词“be”作谓语，在一般现在时态和一般过去时态的疑问句中，用完全倒装句。例如：
Have you
a car of your own?
你自己有车吗？
Are they
in the classroom?
他们在教室吗？
Had he
work?
他当时有工作吗？
Were the students
happy then? 当时那些学生高兴吗？
It ‘s really good, isn’t
it? 今天天气真好，不是吗？
You had forty-five students in
your class, hadn’t you? 你们班有45个学生，对吗？
2、在用“so”表示“也”，用“nor, neither, no
more”表示“也不”的句子中，用完全倒装句。例如：
I have been teaching here for
fifteen years. So has she.
我在这儿教了15年书，他也是。
Her brother wasn’t a manager;
Nor/Neither was her sister.
她的哥哥没当过经理，她的姐姐也没有当过。
She doesn’t care much for her
clothes. No more do I.
她不怎么在乎衣着，我也是一样。
3、在描述性句子中，主语是名词，谓语是不及物动词，状语前移时，用完全倒装句。例如：
Out rushed a
mouse. 一只老鼠突然跑了出来。
Here comes the
bus. 公共汽车来了。
In came a
stranger. 突然进来一位陌生人。
Then followed a terrible
noise. 接着是巨大的声音。
Now is your turn.
现在轮到你了。
Under the big tree sat an
old soldier. 树下坐着一位老兵。
如果主语是代词不能倒装，请比较：
Out dashed the
dog.
Out it dashed.
}那只狗突然冲了出去。
The dog/It
suddenly dashed
out.
4、存在句，用完全倒装句。例如：
There were small shops
here. 这儿当时有很多店铺。
Here is a letter for
you. 这儿有你的一封信。
There stands a tall
tower on the top of the hill.
在那座山顶上矗立着一座高塔。
5、在省掉“if”的虚拟条件句中，如果谓语是系动词“were”，用完全倒装句。例如：
Were I
you, I would not give it
up. 如果我是你，我就不会放弃。
Were he
to come tomorrow, what should
we tell him? 假如他明天来，我们该怎么对他说？
6、“Such”作表语前移时，用完全倒装句。例如：
Such was Albert
Einstein, a simple person with great achievements.
爱因斯坦就是这样的人，一个简单朴素而有成绩卓著的人。
Such are the jobs
for you today. 今天你们的活就是这样。
7、为了衔接前文，可以用完全倒装句。例如：
There was a loudspeaker on the
wall. From it came the boss’s voice.
墙上有一个播音器，从那个播音器里传出了老板的声音。
I have a patch of land, in
which grow weeds. 我在河边有一块地，长满了杂草。
At the end of the bed was my
stocking, now full of all kinds of presents and
sweets.原来挂在床头的袜子里现在装满了各种各样的礼物和糖果。
8、直接引语，一般用完全倒装句。例如：
“Hurry up!”
said the teacher. 老师说：“快点！”
“Put on more
clothes,” said Father.“We’ll go out for a picnic by the riverside.”
父亲说：“多穿点衣裳，我们今天去河边野餐。”
如果是代词作其主语或有间接宾语时，一般就不用倒装；直接宾语在后面不用倒装句。例如：
“What on earth do you want to
do?” his mother (she) asked
him.他妈妈她问他：“你到底要干什么？”
The teacher
said,“Hurry up!”
二、部分倒装。
行为动词的一般时态的疑问句加助动词，以及在复合谓语句中，只把谓语中的第一个动词提到句子前面的叫部分倒装。
1.行为动词作谓语，用加助动词“do, does,
did”的方式构成一般疑问句。例如：
Do you
like (to eat) bananas?
你喜欢吃香蕉吗？
Does he
speak Japanese?
他会说日语吗？
Did the president
speak at the meeting?
总统在会上发言了吗？
2、在进行时态、完成时态、将来时态、被动语态或谓语中含有情态动词的复合谓语句子中，只要把谓语中第一个动词（助动词或者情态动词）提到主语前，就构成了部分倒装句。在英语的问句中都用这种形式。例如：
Is the
radio still
working? 那个收音机还响吗？
Were they
clearing up the streets when
you arrived？你到达时他们正在清理街道吗？
Have they
informed you of the
matter? 那件事他们通知你们了吗？
Will you
take part in the driving test
tomorrow? 你参加明天的驾照考试吗？
Were they
seen to enter the
building? 有人见到他们进入那栋大楼了吗？
Can your little
cousin drive a
car? 你的小表弟会开车吗？
When was the conference
held? 那个会议是什么时候举行的？
3、被“Only”修饰的句子成分前移时，用部分倒装句。例如：
Only then did he realize
his mistake. 当时他就认识到了自己的错误。
Only in this way can we
learn Russian well. 只有这样，我们才能学好俄语。
Only because the weather was
bad did they put off the sailing game.
就是因为天气不好，他们才取消了那次帆船比赛。
被“Only”修饰的句子成分不前移时，不用倒装句。例如：
They put
off the sailing game only
because the weather was bad.
就是因为天气不好，他们才取消了那次帆船比赛。
4、Never, seldom, hardly, scarcely, barely, little, in no
time, in no case, by no means, not until, no sooner,
etc.否定状语前移时，用部分倒装句。例如：
Seldom do I wear a
suit. 我很少穿西服。
In no time did they
leave for Canada. 他们立刻动身去了加拿大。
Little did we think that
we would lose the game. 我们根本就没有想到会输掉比赛。
By no means am I
satisfied with my present income.
我对目前的收入一点也不满意。
Hardly had they heard
the news on the air when they became excited and set off fireworks
and crackers. 他们一听到广播报道，就激动地燃放烟火爆竹。
Not until the rain stopped
did we finish the work.
直到雨停，我们才干完。
No sooner had she got in
than she announced the news.
他一进门就宣布了那条消息。
Scarcely had he gone
into the room when/before the phone rang.
他一走进房间电话铃就响了。
Not only was everything
he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship (was
taken away from him).
不仅他的财产被剥夺，就连他的德国国籍也被开除了。
上述句子中的否定部分不前移时，不用倒装句。例如：
I seldom wear a suit.
我很少穿西服。
We have
