常见拉丁文缩写大全(e.g/etc/i.e等)、英国民事法院名称的简写
2014-04-16 18:45阅读:
一、拉丁文简写
在阅读英文文献中经常会碰到比如e.g或者是i.e之类的简写,以下是我们平时遇到得比较多的一些拉丁文简写:
缩写1:A.D.
拉丁文:anno Domini
释义:in the year of
the Lord 耶稣纪年,公元
例句:The United States Civil War
began in AD 1861.
缩写2:a.m.
拉丁文:Ante
Meridiem
释义:before middday 上午,午前
例句:We will meet the
mayor
at
10
a.m.
缩写3:c.,
ca.
拉丁文:circa
释义:around, about,
approximately
大约
用法:用于日期中表示大概的数。
例句:The
antique
clock is from
c.1900.
缩写4:Cap
拉丁文:capitulus
释义:chapter 章节
用法:用于英国及其前殖民地的法律章节前。
例句:Electronic Transactions
Ordinance (Cap. 553).
缩写5:cf.
拉丁文:confer
释义:'bring together' and
hence 'compare' 试比较
用法:提示读者比较所引用资料中的说法与文中的论述,与cp.可替换使用。
例句:These results were similar to
those obtained using different
techniques (cf. Wilson, 1999 and
Ansmann, 1992).
缩写6:cp.
释义:compare 比较
例句:These results were similar to
those obtained using different
techniques (cp. Wilson, 1999 and
Ansmann, 1992).
缩写7:C.V.
拉丁文:curriculum
vitae
释义:course of life 简历
缩写8:etc.
拉丁文:et cetera
释义:and the others,
and other things, and the
rest 等等
例句:I need to go to the
store and buy some pie,
milk, cheese, etc.
缩写9:e.g.
拉丁文:exempli
gratia
释义:for example, for instance
比如
例句:The shipping company
instituted a
surcharge
on any items
weighing over a ton; e.g.,
a car or truck.
缩写10:ff.
拉丁文:folio
释义:and following
以及接下去的
例句:see page 258ff.(参见第258页以及接下去的若干页)
缩写11:id.
拉丁文:idem
释义:the same (man)
同上
用法:用来避免(在引用、脚注、书目等处)重复某个男性作者的名字。如果是女性作者,用ead.
(eadem)。
缩写12:i.a.
拉丁文:inter alia
释义:among other things
除了别的因素以外,特别
例句:Ernest Hemingway—author
(i.a. 'The Sun Also Rises')
and friend.
缩写13:i.e.
拉丁文:id est
释义:that is, in
other words 即是
例句:For reasons not fully
understood there is only a
minor PSI contribution to the
variable fluorescence
emission of
chloroplasts
(Dau, 1994), i.e.,
the PSI fluorescence appears to
be independent from the state
of its reaction centre (Butler,
1978).
缩写14:lb.
拉丁文:libra
释义:scales 磅
缩写15:LL.B.
拉丁文:Legum
Baccalaureus
释义:bachelor of laws 法学士
缩写16:M.A.
拉丁文:Magister
Artium
释义:Master of Arts 文科硕士
缩写17:N.B.
拉丁文:nota bene
释义:note well
注意,留心
例句:N.B.: All the measurements
have an accuracy of withi
5% as they were
calibratedaccording
to the procedure described by
Jackson (1989).
缩写18:op.cit.
拉丁文:opere
citato
释义:the work cited 在前面所引用的书中
用法:通常用于参考文献中,同ibid相似,但是ibid通常会跟着页码。
二、关于英国法院的缩写:
在劳氏法律报告上,经常会出现HL,QB之类表示法院的缩写,下面将英国民事法院体系发上来,以帮助理解英国法院的简写。
英国的民事法院系统由四级法院组成:
郡法院(County Courts)
高等法院(High
Court(HC),分为王座庭(QB)、家事庭和大法官庭,三座法庭又分别设行政庭和上诉庭)
上诉法院(民事庭)(Court of Appeal
)(CA)
上议院(House of
Lords)(现称为最高院)(HL)