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英语中虚拟语气,强调句及插入语用法简介

2010-02-22 17:54阅读:
虚拟语气
虚拟语气的使用范围及判断
一 虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if 条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。

if 条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断
If 条件状语从句有真实条件句和非真实条件句。假设条件可以实现的句子为真实条件句(如在阴天说if it rains, we would not go out),反之为非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气。
三 假设条件一般为:
1 与过去事实相反,
从句谓语动词用过去完成时,主句动词为情态动词+完成时态。
e.g. If I had come here yesterday, I would have seen him.
2 与现在事实相反,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,主句动词为情态动词+动词原形。
e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.
3 与将来事实可能相反,从句谓语动词用过去将来时,主句动词为情态动词+动词原形。
e.g. If it should snow tomorrow, they couldnt go out.
主句谓语动词为情态动词(should, would, could)+和相应的从句一致的动词形式。
if 条件句中如果有were, should, had, 可以省去if, 并使用倒装句序。

宾语从句中的虚拟语气
wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气:根据从句的意义来判断:
1.与现在和将来相反的事实,从句谓语动词用过去时态;
e.g. I wish I were a bird.
2.与过去相反的事实,从句谓语动词用过去完成时态。
e.g. I wished he hadnt done that.
二 表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气
从句用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should 可以省去。用于此结构的动词有:advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。
e.g. I insisted that he (should) go with them.
He suggest that a meeting (should) be held to discuss the matter.
He demanded that I (should) help him.
注意:当insist 表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明,显示”时,不用虚拟语气。
e.g. He insisted that he was honest.
The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him.
would rather + 从句
在这种结构中,从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。
e.g. I would rather you did this instead of me.

主语从句中的虚拟语气
It be + 形容词+ that. (should).
用于该句型的形容词有: necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising, etc.
e.g. It is necessary that we should get everything ready by the end of the week.
Its natural that he should feel hurt.
一些名词也可用于此结构中,如 a pity, no wonder,..
It be + 过去分词+ that……(should)……
用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如: desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。
e.g. It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month.
It is time (about time/ high time) that..(过去时动词形式或should + 动词原形)..
e.g. It is high time I went home now = It is high time I should go home now.

表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气
suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具体内容解释的名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中,要使用虚拟语气、其谓语动词为: should + 动词原形。连接从句的that 不能省略。
e.g. My suggestion is that we should go there at once.
What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening?
The proposal that we should stay longer in Shanghai was rejected.
强调句
1、陈述句的强调句型:It is/ was + 被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+ that/ who(当强调主语且主语指人)+ 其它部分。
e.g. It was yesterday that he met Li Ping.
2、一般疑问句的强调句型:同上,只是把is/ was提到it前面。
e.g. Was it yesterday that he met Li Ping?
3、特殊疑问句的强调句型:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分?
e.g. When and where was it that you were born?
4、强调句例句:针对I met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.句子进行强调。
强调主语:It was I that (who) met Li Ming at the railway station yesterday.
强调宾语:It was Li Ming that I met at the railway station yesterday.
强调地点状语:It was at the railway station that I met Li Ming yesterday.
强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I met Li Ming at the railway station.
5、注意:构成强调句的it本身没有词义;强调句中的连接词一般只用that, who,即使在强调时间状语和地点状语时也如此,that, who不可省略;强调句中的时态只用两种,一般现在时和一般过去时。原句谓语动词是一般过去时、过去完成时和过去进行时,用It was … ,其余的时态用It is … 。
(二)not … until … 句型的强调句
1、句型为:It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that + 其它部分
e.g. 普通句:He didn’t go to bed until/ till his wife came back.
强调句:It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.
2、注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型,till, until可通用;因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。
(三)谓语动词的强调
1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/ does或did。
e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。
He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。
Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊!
2、注意:此种强调只用do/ does和did ,没有别的形式;过去时用did ,后面的谓语动词用原形。

插入语
许多分词短语可以用作插入语,这样的分词短语有:strictly speaking(严格地说),generally considering(一般认为), judging from……(根据……判断)等。
常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有:indeed(的确),surely(无疑),however(然而),frankly(坦率地说),obviously(显然),naturally(天然地),luckily (happily) for sb.(算某人幸运),fortunately(幸好),strangely(奇怪),briefly(简单地说)等。
常用作插入语的介词短语有:in conclusion(总之),in a word(简而言之),in short(简而言之),in general(一般说来),in a sense(在某种意义上),in my view(在我看来),in his opinion(按照他的看法),in fact(事实上),at first(首先), in addition(此外),of course(当然),to my surprise(使我惊奇的),to her regret(使她遗憾的),for example(例如)等。
用简短的句子结构作插入语,它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有:I am sure(我可以肯定地说),I believe(我相信),do you know(你知道吗),you see(你明白),I’m afraid(恐怕),it is said(据说),I suppose(我想),what’s more(而且),what’s worse(更糟糕的是),that is(也就是说),what is important(重要的是)等。
常用作插入语的不定式短语有:to be sure(无疑地),to sum up(概括地说),to tell the truth(老实说)等。
常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有:true(真的),funny(真可笑),needless to say(不用说),most important of all(最为重要),worse still(更糟糕的),even better(更好)等。


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