化石燃料广告应该像烟草一样被禁止吗？
2024-06-23 14:57阅读：
副标题：联合国秘书长呼吁禁止石油和天然气广告 作者：
山姆·史密斯（Sam
D.Smith）
- 联合国秘书长呼吁各国政府、媒体和科技公司停止化石燃料广告。
- 爱丁堡和悉尼等一些城市已经禁止能源公司投放广告。
- 除非对宪法进行修改，否则在美国实施这样的禁令将很困难。
本月早些时候，联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯（António
Guterres）呼吁世界各国政府和媒体停止从化石燃料行业获取美元。这位联合国秘书长指责能源公司“歪曲事实，欺骗公众，并播下对气候危机的怀疑”。“阻止疯子助长疯狂，”他说。
古特雷斯的言论正值汽车行业的关键时刻。消费者仍然对
电动汽车感到担忧，尤其是因为许多全新的电动汽车仍然比化石燃料驱动的竞争对手贵得多。
阅读：在欧洲而不是中国生产电池可以减少37%的排放量
联合国负责人呼吁对广告进行限制，类似于世界各地对烟草和酒精的强制执行。然而，虽然烟草广告主要是为了避免影响儿童的印象，但化
石燃料广告禁令将旨在影响消费者行为。
一些国家、城市和公司已经开始禁止石油和天然气公司投放广告。
法国限制推广由化石燃料制成的煤炭、天然气和氢气，而阿姆斯特丹、悉尼和爱丁堡也限制高排放企业的广告。在媒体方面，《卫报》（The
Guardian）、《Vox》和法国《世界报》（Le Monde）都禁止了石油和天然气广告。
然而，对于
像美国这样的国家来说，这种限制可能更难在国家层面执行。“即使国会尝试这样做，根据美国现行法律，化石燃料广告禁令几乎肯定会在法律挑战下崩溃，”哈佛法学院（Harvard
Law School）第一修正案教授丽贝卡·图什内特（Rebecca Tushnet）说。
更多：丰田开发了一种新的内燃机，将在未来几年抵御电动汽车
在接受
《科学美国人》采访时，图什内特补充说，除非最高法院对美国宪法的解释发生重大转变，否则商业言论受到第一修正案的保护，否则联邦对化石燃料广告的全面禁令将难以维持。
更现实的做法是政府针对那些做出误导性声明的化石燃料公司。然而，随着联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会要求全球温室气体排放到2050年实现净零排放，如果要实现目标，就需要更大程度地摆脱化石燃料广告。
安东尼奥·古特雷斯 图片来源：欧盟
标签 生态
电动汽车
法国 工业
QOTD
报告
苏格兰
美国
原文阅读
Should Fossil Fuel Ads Be Banned Like
Tobacco?
The United Nations secretary general has called for the ban of oil
and gas adverts
by
Sam D.
Smith
6 hours ago
- UN chief calls on governments, media, and tech
companies to stop fossil fuel advertising.
- Some cities like Edinburgh and Sydney have already
banned energy companies from advertising.
- Such a ban in the US would be difficult unless
amendments to the constitution were made.
Earlier this month, United Nations secretary general, António
Guterres, called on the world’s governments and media to stop
taking dollars from the fossil fuel industry. The UN chief accused
energy companies of “distorting the truth, deceiving the public,
and sowing doubt” about the climate crisis. “Stop the Mad Men from
fueling the madness,” he said.
Guterres’ comments come at a critical juncture for the automotive
industry. Consumers are still apprehensive about
electric
vehicles, not least because many brand-new EVs are still
considerably more expensive than their fossil-fuel-powered
competition.
Read:
Producing Batteries In Europe Instead Of China Could Cut
Emissions By 37 Percent
The UN head calls for advertising restrictions to come into play,
similar to what is enforced for tobacco and alcohol across the
world. However, while tobacco advertising is primarily restricted
to avoid influencing the impression minds of children have, fossil
fuel advertising bans will aim to influence consumer
behavior.
Some countries, cities, and companies have already started banning
oil and gas firms from advertising.
France limits the
promotion of coal, gas, and hydrogen made from fossil fuels, while
Amsterdam, Sydney, and Edinburgh also limit advertising from
high-emissions enterprises. On the media’s side, The Guardian, Vox,
and France’s Le Monde have all banned oil and gas
advertising.
However, such restrictions may be harder to enforce at a national
level for a country like the
US. “Even if Congress
attempted it, a fossil fuel ad ban would almost certainly collapse
against legal challenges under current U.S. laws,” said Rebecca
Tushnet, a First Amendment professor at Harvard Law School.
More:
Toyota Has Developed A New Combustion Engine That Will Fend
Off EVs For Years To Come
Speaking to
Scientific American, Tushnet added that, barring a major
shift in the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the U.S.
Constitution, where commercial speech is protected by the First
Amendment, a blanket federal ban on fossil fuel advertising would
be hard to uphold.
A more realistic approach would be for the government to target
fossil fuel companies that make misleading claims. However, with
the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change requiring global
greenhouse emissions to come to a net zero by 2050, there needs to
be a greater shift away from fossil fuel advertising if targets are
to be met.
António Guterres photo source EU
