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v.-ing形式的一般式
V.-ing形式的一般式，表示泛指动作，没有时间的区分；或动作发生在谓语动作的同时、之前或之后。
用来泛指动作，没有时间的区分。
Seeking after knowledge is human nature．
Travelling abroad can widen one’s outlook．
Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth．
行为与主要动作同时发生，表示伴随。
The students came into the classroom laughing and talking．
As she saw me，she came over smiling．
行为在主要动作之前或之后。
Mr. Lee went out shutting the door behind him．
v.-ing形式的完成式：
He doesn’t remember having promised me that．
She regretted having missed the film．
Having finished his homework，he went to bed．
Having realized why he had failed in the exam，he has made up his mind to work harder from now on．
v.-ing形式的被动式
一般式的被动式由“being + v.-ed形式”构成，表示句子主语是v.-ing形式的动作的承受者。
What’s the subject being discussed at the meeting?
The large building being built(=which is being built) will be our school library．
The highway being built will lead to Tanggu port．
I still remember being taken to Hangzhou when I was a child．
This problem is far from being settled．
The squirrel was lucky．It missed being caught．
He hated being laughed at．
v.-ing形式的完成被动式由“having been + v.-ed形式”构成，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
Having been given such a good chance，how could you not cherish it at all?
Having been invited，he went to Japan to attend the conference．
v.-ing形式的否定式
The boy made his father angry by not taking his medicine．
I regret not being able to help you．
Not having received an answer，he decided to write again．
Not knowing his address and telephone number，we couldn’t get in touch with him．
I’m sorry for not being present at your party in time．
She hated herself for not having worked hard．
v.-ing形式的逻辑主语
当V-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语时，一般在其前加物主代词或名词所有格。这种结构也称之为V-ing形式的复合结构。在口语中，当这种结构用作宾语时，物主代词可以用宾格，名词还可以用普通格来代替所有格。
I would appreciate your keeping it a secret.
Would you mind my/me using your computer?
She insisted on Peter’s / Peter going there first.
My coming late a second time made Mr Smith angry.
名词化的口v.-ing形式
有些v.-ing形式可以进一步名词化，即具有更多的名词的特点.可以有自己的冠词，可以有定语，甚至在某些情况下可以有复数形式。
The room should be given a good cleaning．
Who did the recording?
I’ll do some shopping／reading this afternoon
Please send our greetings to them．
动词-ing形式的功能：
动词-ing形式具有名词，形容词或副词的特征，在句中可担任主语，表语，宾语，定语，状语和补语，但不能单独作谓语。
v.-ing形式作主语
A.：v.-ing形式直接作主语。
| being done |
||
| 完成式 |
having done |
having been done |
v.-ing形式的一般式
V.-ing形式的一般式，表示泛指动作，没有时间的区分；或动作发生在谓语动作的同时、之前或之后。
用来泛指动作，没有时间的区分。
Seeking after knowledge is human nature．
Travelling abroad can widen one’s outlook．
Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth．
行为与主要动作同时发生，表示伴随。
The students came into the classroom laughing and talking．
As she saw me，she came over smiling．
行为在主要动作之前或之后。
Mr. Lee went out shutting the door behind him．
v.-ing形式的完成式：
He doesn’t remember having promised me that．
She regretted having missed the film．
Having finished his homework，he went to bed．
Having realized why he had failed in the exam，he has made up his mind to work harder from now on．
v.-ing形式的被动式
一般式的被动式由“being + v.-ed形式”构成，表示句子主语是v.-ing形式的动作的承受者。
What’s the subject being discussed at the meeting?
The large building being built(=which is being built) will be our school library．
The highway being built will lead to Tanggu port．
I still remember being taken to Hangzhou when I was a child．
This problem is far from being settled．
The squirrel was lucky．It missed being caught．
He hated being laughed at．
v.-ing形式的完成被动式由“having been + v.-ed形式”构成，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。
Having been given such a good chance，how could you not cherish it at all?
Having been invited，he went to Japan to attend the conference．
v.-ing形式的否定式
The boy made his father angry by not taking his medicine．
I regret not being able to help you．
Not having received an answer，he decided to write again．
Not knowing his address and telephone number，we couldn’t get in touch with him．
I’m sorry for not being present at your party in time．
She hated herself for not having worked hard．
v.-ing形式的逻辑主语
当V-ing形式需要自己的逻辑主语时，一般在其前加物主代词或名词所有格。这种结构也称之为V-ing形式的复合结构。在口语中，当这种结构用作宾语时，物主代词可以用宾格，名词还可以用普通格来代替所有格。
I would appreciate your keeping it a secret.
Would you mind my/me using your computer?
She insisted on Peter’s / Peter going there first.
My coming late a second time made Mr Smith angry.
名词化的口v.-ing形式
有些v.-ing形式可以进一步名词化，即具有更多的名词的特点.可以有自己的冠词，可以有定语，甚至在某些情况下可以有复数形式。
The room should be given a good cleaning．
Who did the recording?
I’ll do some shopping／reading this afternoon
Please send our greetings to them．
动词-ing形式的功能：
动词-ing形式具有名词，形容词或副词的特征，在句中可担任主语，表语，宾语，定语，状语和补语，但不能单独作谓语。
v.-ing形式作主语
A.：v.-ing形式直接作主语。