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ection money' is not a modern crime. As long ago as the fourteenth
century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable
discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than
have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
Language points
（Attention：The following points are not covered by the video. It is better for you to watch the video or listen to the MP3 first and try to take notes on your own. Then you may check here to get more details. ）
1, There was a time when the owners of shop and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection'.
pay large sums of money to sb.
向某人付大笔大笔的费用
e.g. He gave me some books in return for my help.
e.g. There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion.曾有一个时期，迷你裙很流行。
2, If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop.
promptly: immediately
立即
put a man out of business: 使某人失业
基本词组：put sb. / sth. out of ... 使某人失去......
e.g. You are putting me out of patience. 你使我失去了耐心。
e.g. You have already put everything out of order. 你把一切弄得乱七八糟。
by destroying his shop
通过......手段
e.g. You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me. 你快把我弄得失去耐心了，如果再这样打扰的话。
3, As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
as long ago as
追溯回到
同义词组：date back to / date from
e.g. I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980.我1980年就认识简了。
make the remarkable discovery 做出不同寻常的发现; 意思是：John hawkwood’s
discovery was quite remarkable.
woulde rather do sth. than do sth.(详见难点)
e.g. I would rather play tennis than swim.我喜欢打网球胜过游泳。
life work 毕生的事业
e.g. 毕生的积蓄：life savings
have sth. done
（1）东西被破坏等不好的事情发生
e.g. have sth. stolen\broken\taken 东西被偷\被毁\被拿走
（2）请人做某事（不是自己做）
e.g.
e.g. I want to have the tree cut down.
4, He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.
e.g. They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop singers.
come to be known 渐渐的被人所熟知
e.g. I come to be known to my students.
e.g. I got to know him.
5, In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.
in times of peace 在和平期间
基本词组：in times of……在……期间
march into 大踏步行军到…
burn down烧毁/ burn up烧光 / burn out
烧空
e.g. The house was burned out only walls left. 房子被烧的只剩下墙了。
6, In spite of this,
in spite of this 尽管如此
regard sb. as 认为某人是...
a sort of 某类
7, When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'.
give sb. a state funeral 给某人举行国葬
Signor （意大利语） 先生
be dedicated to the memory of
sb.
valiant(勇敢的), notable(著名的)
Special difficulties
表示“宁可，宁愿”的词组和句型
1，would rather do sth than do sth
e.g. He would rather die than surrender.他宁死不屈。
2, 同义词组有：
(1) would prefer to do sth. than do sth.
(2) would prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
e.g. He would prefer to die than surrender.
e.g. He would prefer dying to surrendering.
3, would rather\would sooner + that宾语从句 (过去式), 这个句子用的是虚拟语气，表达与现实相反的意愿。
e.g. I would rather that you were not here. 我宁愿你不在这儿。(暗示你在这儿)
e.g. I would rather that I didn't see you. 我宁愿没见到你。（暗示见到你了）
大家学得怎么样？我们来测试一下吧！ （参与选择题10HY,其他题每题10HY）
Exercises
Choince questions:
1, People prefer paying large sums of money _____ their life work destroyed by gangsters.
a. than have
a. On dying
3, 人们认为他是个高贵的野蛮人。
4, 忘记这件事情吧。
5, 我应该如何报答你呢？
6, 汤姆因贪污被判无期徒刑。
7, 时间过去你可能会渐渐喜欢上他。
8, 我并没有要求，但是他主动提出要接我。
9, 这部电影讲的是三个近40的纽约人的生活。
10, When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'.
Answer the following question in English.
11, How did Hawkwood make money in times of peace?
Keys to the exercises:
1, C
prefer doing + to +动名词
2, C
介词on和名词death 相搭配，表示去世的状态
介词on和动名词搭配，表示一个动作：“一……就”
e.g. On seeing him, I ran away.
3, People regarded him as the noble savage. 人们认为他是个高贵的野蛮人。
noble savage 貌似野蛮，但是内心品质高贵，未受到现代文明的污染。
4, Put it out of your mind.忘记这件事情吧。
5, What can I do for you in return for all your help? 我应该如何报答你呢？
In return for ＝ in exchange for 作为交换（视频教程里的例句哦，今天你听了没有？）
6, 汤姆因贪污被判无期徒刑。Because of the corruption, Tom was condemned to life imprisonment.
7,In time you may come to like him. 时间过去你可能会渐渐喜欢上他。
8, I didn’t ask, but he offered to pick me up. 我并没有要求，但是他主动提出要接我。
Offer to do 有点be willing to do的意味。
9, 这部电影讲的是三个近40的纽约人的生活。
The movie is about the life of three New Yorkers who are pushing 40.
10, When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'.
他80岁那年死去时，佛罗拉萨人为他举行了国葬，并为他画像以纪念这位“勇敢无比的战士，伟大的领袖凡尼. 阿库托先生。”
11, He and his man would burned down a few farms and then demand the protection money from the city-state.
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Language points
（Attention：The following points are not covered by the video. It is better for you to watch the video or listen to the MP3 first and try to take notes on your own. Then you may check here to get more details. ）
1, There was a time when the owners of shop and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for 'protection'.
pay large sums of money to sb.
向某人付大笔大笔的费用in return for
目的是为了换取...作为对...的回报e.g. He gave me some books in return for my help.
there was a time when 曾有一个时期，when引导状语从句修饰
timee.g. There was a time when mini skirt was in fashion.曾有一个时期，迷你裙很流行。
2, If the money was not paid promptly, the gangsters would quickly put a man out of business by destroying his shop.
promptly: immediately
立即put a man out of business: 使某人失业基本词组：put sb. / sth. out of ... 使某人失去......
e.g. You are putting me out of patience. 你使我失去了耐心。
e.g. You have already put everything out of order. 你把一切弄得乱七八糟。
by destroying his shop
通过......手段e.g. You are putting me out of patience by disturbing me. 你快把我弄得失去耐心了，如果再这样打扰的话。
3, As long ago as the fourteenth century, an Englishman, Sir John Hawkwood, made the remarkable discovery that people would rather pay large sums of money than have their life work destroyed by gangsters.
as long ago as
追溯回到同义词组：date back to / date from
e.g. I knew Jane as long ago as the year 1980.我1980年就认识简了。
make the remarkable discovery 做出不同寻常的发现; 意思是：John hawkwood’s
discovery was quite remarkable.woulde rather do sth. than do sth.(详见难点)e.g. I would rather play tennis than swim.我喜欢打网球胜过游泳。
life work 毕生的事业e.g. 毕生的积蓄：life savings
have sth. done（1）东西被破坏等不好的事情发生
e.g. have sth. stolen\broken\taken 东西被偷\被毁\被拿走
（2）请人做某事（不是自己做）
e.g.
e.g. I want to have the tree cut down.
4, He soon made a name for himself and came to be known to the Italians as Giovanni Acuto.
make a name for himself 意思是：become
famouse.g. They soon made quite a name for themselves as pop singers.
come to / get to come to be known 渐渐的被人所熟知
e.g. I come to be known to my students.
e.g. I got to know him.
5, In times of peace, when business was bad, Hawkwood and his men would march into a city-state and, after burning down a few farms, would offer to go away if protection money was paid to them.
in times of peace 在和平期间基本词组：in times of……在……期间
march into 大踏步行军到…burn down烧毁/ burn up烧光 / burn out
烧空e.g. The house was burned out only walls left. 房子被烧的只剩下墙了。
offer to do 提出6, In spite of this,
in spite of this 尽管如此regard sb. as 认为某人是... a sort of 某类7, When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'.
give sb. a state funeral 给某人举行国葬Signor （意大利语） 先生be dedicated to the memory of
sb.valiant(勇敢的), notable(著名的) Special difficulties
表示“宁可，宁愿”的词组和句型1，would rather do sth than do sth
e.g. He would rather die than surrender.他宁死不屈。
2, 同义词组有：
(1) would prefer to do sth. than do sth.
(2) would prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
e.g. He would prefer to die than surrender.
e.g. He would prefer dying to surrendering.
3, would rather\would sooner + that宾语从句 (过去式), 这个句子用的是虚拟语气，表达与现实相反的意愿。
e.g. I would rather that you were not here. 我宁愿你不在这儿。(暗示你在这儿)
e.g. I would rather that I didn't see you. 我宁愿没见到你。（暗示见到你了）
大家学得怎么样？我们来测试一下吧！ （参与选择题10HY,其他题每题10HY）Exercises
Choince questions:
1, People prefer paying large sums of money _____ their life work destroyed by gangsters.
a. than have
a. On dying
3, 人们认为他是个高贵的野蛮人。
4, 忘记这件事情吧。
5, 我应该如何报答你呢？
6, 汤姆因贪污被判无期徒刑。
7, 时间过去你可能会渐渐喜欢上他。
8, 我并没有要求，但是他主动提出要接我。
9, 这部电影讲的是三个近40的纽约人的生活。
10, When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'.
Answer the following question in English.
11, How did Hawkwood make money in times of peace?
Keys to the exercises:
1, C
prefer doing + to +动名词
2, C
介词on和名词death 相搭配，表示去世的状态
介词on和动名词搭配，表示一个动作：“一……就”
e.g. On seeing him, I ran away.
3, People regarded him as the noble savage. 人们认为他是个高贵的野蛮人。
noble savage 貌似野蛮，但是内心品质高贵，未受到现代文明的污染。
4, Put it out of your mind.忘记这件事情吧。
5, What can I do for you in return for all your help? 我应该如何报答你呢？
In return for ＝ in exchange for 作为交换（视频教程里的例句哦，今天你听了没有？）
6, 汤姆因贪污被判无期徒刑。Because of the corruption, Tom was condemned to life imprisonment.
7,In time you may come to like him. 时间过去你可能会渐渐喜欢上他。
8, I didn’t ask, but he offered to pick me up. 我并没有要求，但是他主动提出要接我。
Offer to do 有点be willing to do的意味。
9, 这部电影讲的是三个近40的纽约人的生活。
The movie is about the life of three New Yorkers who are pushing 40.
10, When he died at the age of eighty, the Florentines gave him a state funeral and had a picture painted which was dedicated to the memory of 'the most valiant soldier and most notable leader, Signor Giovanni Haukodue'.
他80岁那年死去时，佛罗拉萨人为他举行了国葬，并为他画像以纪念这位“勇敢无比的战士，伟大的领袖凡尼. 阿库托先生。”
11, He and his man would burned down a few farms and then demand the protection money from the city-state.
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