大学英语竞赛中的英译汉部分试题解析
2011-05-21 23:49阅读：
大学英语竞赛中的英译汉部分试题解析
鲁东大学
滕延江
一、试题解析（2006年Level—B初赛）
Directions：Translate the underlined sentences of the
following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on
the Answer Sheet.
Many people have unsuccessful
interviews because they aren't fully prepared. (1)This may be
because they haven't done their research properly and can't answer
questions about the company they are hoping to join. Or it may
be because they are nervous and don't perform well. Going for a job
interview is never easy, whether it's for a full-time career, or a
part-time job during the holidays. (2)However, it is possible to
learn how to do well in an interview simply by following a few
basic rules.
Firstly, find out as much as you can about the
company or the organization. Write notes about the job you are
trying to get and make a list of questions you can ask. Then make
sure you know exactly when and where the interview is. Look up the
location on a map. (3)Find out about bus and train timetables if
necessary and try to predict exactly how long the journey will
take. If you are really worried, make the journey a few days
before your interview so you can find out what you need in
advance.
(4)Another important rule is
to plan what you are going to wear well in advance. Make sure
it's clean, it fits and it's comfortable! Clean your shoes and sort
out what you are taking in your bag or briefcase. All you should do
the night before is have a quick look at your notes. Go to bed
early so you can get up in good time and calmly get yourself
ready.(5) When you walk into the interview room look directly at
your interviewers and shake hands with them. Finally, be calm
and relaxed, and speak clearly.
试题解析：
[文章大意]这是一篇有关如何为面试做好充分准备，从而赢得主动、最终获得成功的短文。第一段为概括段，指出了面试的重要性，接下来作者在文中列举了保证面试成功的几条基本原则。
1.
原因可能是他们没有做适当的调研，因此面试时回答不出关于他们希望加盟的公司的一些问题。这句话中有两点在翻译时需注意：第一是连词and的意义与用法，and的用法很多，并非仅表示并列关系，此处的and就表示因果关系；第二是the company后面的定语从句they are hoping to
join的翻译，翻译时需将定语提前。
2.
然而只要遵循一些基本规则，在面试时做到表现出色还是可能的。这句话需要注意英汉句式的差异，it是该句子的形式主语，真正的主语是由to引导的句子，翻译成汉语时需要根据汉语的表达习惯，先翻译to不定式部分，即“.…..是可能的”。从理论上讲，英语句式是先表态（如用important, necessary,
possible）后陈述事实(即由to引导的句子)，而汉语句子恰好相反，是先陈述事实，然后再表态。这一点在做英汉互译时需注意。
3.
如果必要的话，还可以查询出汽车与火车时刻表，并且设法准确预测旅途所需的时间。整个句子是一个宾语从句的翻译，翻译时注意把条件从句if
necessary根据汉语表达习惯提到整个句子最前面去。
4.
另一项重要规则是提前计划一下面试时如何穿戴才得体。该句是一表语从句，翻译时注意wear
well这个搭配的对应汉语表达，翻译中选择合适的词汇对应表达也是至关重要的。
5.
当你走进面试房间时，要直视面试考官并和他们握手。此句是一时间状语从句，该句的问题是注意表达的简洁，不要拖泥带水。
二、专项练习题：Translation （15 minutes, 15 points）
Directions：Translate the underlined sentences of the
following passage into Chinese. Remember to write the answers on
the Answer Sheet.
(1)Heart failure is a
disease that prevents the heart from pumping enough blood around
the body. Fluid collects in the lungs. People who develop heart
failure are generally older. They feel tired and short of breath.
Half the people die within five years. Heart failure affects an
estimated five million Americans. But African Americans are two
and one-half
times more
likely to
develop it.
Now, an experimental treatment appears to
increase their chance of survival.
Heart failure is usually
treated with drugs called ACE inhibitors. (2)But research has
suggested that these drugs do not work as well in blacks as in
whites. The difference may be linked to lower levels of nitric
oxide in the blood of African Americans with heart failure. This
chemical in the body helps blood flow.
So a company in Massachusetts,
NitroMed, developed a treatment called BiDil. This combines two
existing medicines to increase the amount of nitric oxide in the
blood. Earlier studies failed to prove its effectiveness. But those
studies involved mostly white patients.
Scientists later re-examined the results and saw signs that it did
help black patients.
As a result, NitroMed began a
study of more than one thousand black people. They took traditional
drugs for heart failure, either BiDil or an inactive substance.
(3)The study found that the patients who took BiDil had a
forty-three percent better chance of survival after one year.
They also needed fewer hospital visits. Doctor Anne Taylor, a
professor at the University of Minnesota, reported on the study at
a meeting of the American Heart Association. The findings appeared
in The New England Journal of Medicine. NitroMed has been preparing
to ask for federal approval of its treatment. Such approval was
rejected after the earlier studies.
Some people, though, are uneasy
with the idea of what is known as a “race-based therapy”. That is,
a drug developed for just one group with a disease common in the
general population. (4)Yet some doctors think the new pill might
help the larger population as well. (5)The heart association
says heart failure can be caused by disorders present at birth, or
by a virus that damages the heart muscle. But it says the same
things linked to heart attacks can also cause heart failure. These
include smoking, being overweight, eating high-fat foods and not
getting exercise.
大学英语竞赛英译汉练习参考答案：
1.
心力衰竭是一种使心脏无法为身体充分供血的疾病。
2.
但研究发现这些药物在黑人身上并不如在白人身上那么奏效。
3.
经过研究发现，服用BiDil的患者一年后的生存几率提高了43%。
4.
但医生们却认为这种药物也会帮助更多的人群。
5.
（美国）心脏协会认为，心力衰竭可以由出生障碍及危害心肌的病毒两方面原因引起。
