en, im, in, ,for pre, pro, to, trans, mis-, re-, tans-,
un-重音通常在第二音节上。例如: a'bout ab'duce ac'cede ad'mire be'long con'sult
de'tect dis'like asleep beside compare consider decide discount
employ enforce escape except forbid forget imagine include mistake
persuade pretent propose repair respect translate about achieve
address akimbo believe decide report condemn respect compare inform
discuss
impress mistake enforce prepare employ
permit escape produce exclaim translate
二、带以下后缀的双音节词,重音通常在第二音节上:aim, ain, cur, eem, duce, ere , firm, gn
,oin ,oke, ose, pt, rce, self, ume.
例如:Contain, occur, sincere, design, confirm.
三、名词的重音多在第一音节上,形容词,动词的重音多在第二个音节上。特别是以de-,in-,re-,con-,pre-等前缀开头的词,这类词的区别很明显,但也容易被学英语的人忽略,要特别引起重视
Record, object,
alloy [l] 合金(名词) alloy [l] 使...成合金(动词)
project [prfekt] 计划(名词) project [prfekt] 计划(动词)
desert [dezt] 沙漠(名词) desert [dz:t] 抛弃(动词)
record [rekd] 唱片(名词) record [rk:d] 录音(动词)
present [preznt ] 礼物(名词) present [ przent ] 赠送(动词)
desert des-ert 沙漠(名词) desert 抛弃(动词)
insult in-sult 侮辱(名词) insult insult 侮辱(动词)
conduct con-duct 行为(名词) conduct conduct 指挥(动词)
content con-tent 内容(名词) content content 使满足(动词)
essay essay 散文(名词) essay essay 企图(动词)
concret concret 混凝土(名词) concret concret 使凝固(动词)
convoy con-voy 护航(名词) convoy convoy 为...护航(动词)
exploit exploit 功勋(名词) exploit exploit 利用(动词)
survey survey 调查(名词) survey survey 勘测(动词)
abstract
n.摘要,抽取物
ab'stract
v.摘录,使抽象
'progress
n.前进,进步pro'gress
v.前进,进
三、三音节词及多音节词
如果不受词缀影响,重音一般落在倒三音节上,但是有了后缀后,要受到后缀的影响,所以,在研究多音节单词重点的时候,我们只要把不在倒三音节上的挑出来,就可以了,因为除了上述的,都在倒数第三音节上。但是,有一点要注意,规律不是万能的,总有例外,只能靠记忆了。下面我们首先分析一下词缀变化与重音的关系,看哪些词缀影响重音变化,下面总结了八大规律:
一、重音位置与原词重音位置一样的词缀:-al, -acy(与ate结尾的形容词对应的名词后缀 inadequacy) -age,
-er, -or,-ful, -ism, -ist, -ive, -ize, -ise, -less, -ly, -ness,
-ship, -ing, -able, ry, ty.
有一些就在第一个音节上。中国学生普遍把educator等词的重音发错(重音不是在a上,而是在e上),就是不明白这个规则。
例如:Original, intrinsical personal, residual, adjectival, Customary,
scientist, slavery, advertise, messager. interrogator
注意ism,很容易把重音读错如,nationalism, socialism, democratism,factionalism.
注意重音都在与原词重音一样。
二、重音落到最后的词缀(即最后音节,词缀本身):-ade, -ette, -ee, -ese, -que, aar, eer,
zee, roo, 这些词一般都是从法语中借来的词,双音节词也是同样的规律。
例如:Blockade, referee, Chinese. lemonade、blockade
engineer、pioneer、domineer officialese, arabesque entrepreneur,
reservoir espionage, entourage,
三、重音后移现象,这些词缀因为改变了原词性,所以需要稍微加重一点读出来,那么,怎么加重呢,它就通过把重音向后拉一个音节,即把本来在倒第三音节的重音拉到词缀的前面,即在倒第二个音节上,也就在词缀的前一个音节上,词缀为双音节的则在词缀的前一个音节上,主要有以下情况:
1.形容词后缀-ic, (如atic, -etic, -fic),名词后缀-ion,(如-ation, faction,
-fication, -ition, -sion, -tion)democratic pacific scientific
athletic terrific elastic energetic economic republic mechanical
Titanic phonetic alcoholic alphabetical Antarctica
Asiatic astronomically atomic biological botanical economically electric electronic emphatic
empirical geologically historic hysterical ionic magnetic mathematics
mechanic numerical pacific periodic political republic scientific specific
alcoholic lphabetical Antarc-ti-ca Asiatic astronomically
athleticatomic biological botanical economically electric electronic emphatic empirical geologically historic hysterical
ionic magnetic mathematics mechanic
numerical pacific periodic political republic scientific specific
Grographic,climatic,sympathetic,invitation, satisfaction,
competition.
例外:catholic, lunatic, heretic, arithmetic, television
rhetoric
2.后缀-ana, -escence, -escent, -i(表示国籍和语言, Israeli, Pastani),
-ics(学科),-itis(炎症),-sis(病理)
Victoriana,convalescence,adolescence,fluorescent,evanescent,bronchitis,arthritis,hepatitis,fibrosis,filariasis,
tuberculosis
3.后缀id intrepid insipid
四、隐藏的倒第三音节:
有的词缀实际上由两个音节组成,但是一般中国人的音节划分方法容易把他们视为一个双音节,这种情况需要注意。知道他们其实是两个音节了,那也自然就知道他们的重音也符合倒三音节的规律了,就在这个音节之前。如果再往前就不对了。比如:
1.词缀al,-ial, -ical, -ia,-ium,-(X)ous(包括-acious, -aneous, -eous,
-ious, ),-ian, (包括-arian, -ician), -ity(比如在acity, iety,eity,
bility, ility, uity), 以上词缀中e,i都算一个音节。al其实也算两个音节,l是要当成一个音节来读的。
al,ial,ical:Imperial, managerial, offi-cial musical
experiential
ia:militia,disequilibia,euthanasia,hypothermia,
intelligentsia,realia,
ium: delirium,
ity: capability, ingenuity, capacity possibility humanity
possibility opportunity sagacity、spontaneity、futility、ingenuity
sobriety、propriety dependaBIlity,duality university
cian: logician, mathematician politicia n musi-cian,
arian: egalitarian; utilitarian; Presbyterian; Trinitarian;
Unitarian humanitarian
(X)ous: sagacious, spontaneous,delicious; mysterious; perspicuous;
surreptitious; spontaneous; promiscuous; efficacious; notorious;
lugubrious,
不属于上述情况的ous:infamous,gluttonous,ludicrous,
ridiculous,phosphorous,monotonous mischievous 中的
ous算一个音节,重音就在倒三音节上,
包括fortuitous,ubiquitous例外:horrendous,humongous,momentous此现象见规则六。
四、ment作为词缀时,重音往往在倒三音节上,但如果其后再加词缀,重音就落在ment上。Moment, governmental,
advertisement, monumental.
但-ity的决定力大于-ment,所以sentimentality的重音仍遵循-ity的规则
五、在倒数第三音节前重读的单词,就是倒数第四音节,主要是因为后面有弱读的后缀ible,able,ary,ery,ory,
比如:negligible、ordinary、contemporary、adversary、monastery、conservatory
,promontory
尤其需要注意的是,-able(-ible)加在一个以重读音节结尾的单词上,重音要前移一个音节,对比compare /
comparable(重音在首音节上)、admire / admirable。
六、英语大部分词汇来源于拉丁语,也继承了拉丁语的一个主要重音规则,即如果penult的元音后面是双辅音(爆破音b、p、k、g、t、d在前,l或r在后,这样组成的双辅音除外),单词重音便落在penult上。此规则的效力大于后缀的效力。下面举例说明:
1)按照后缀规则,important的重音位置应该是在首音节上,但由于penult的辅音是rt,符合4的规则,因此重音落在penult上。conference和concurrence,momentum,narcissi,paparazzi,postmortem,remitten,重音位置的差别也可如此解释。
2)ludicrous(可笑的)、celebrity(名人)等词虽然penult是双辅音,但属于爆破音+l /
r的情况,所以4的规则不适用,仍遵循后缀规则。
七、合成词与派生词的读音规则。对于为名词的合成词,在第一组成部分重读。如:BLACKbird,
GREENhouse。对于为形容词的合成词,在第二组成部分重读。如:bad-TEMpered,
old-FASHioned。对于为动词的合成词,在第二组成部分重读。如:to underSTAND, to overFLOW。
英语中派生词的重音和词根重音一致。派生词就是一些有同样词根的词。比如: act, active, actively
com'pare com'parison
以上是我总结的重音规律,但是,记住一点,规律不是万能的,只有不断地练习,才能做到准确无误。
附录:容易发错音的单词:
(大写是重读音节) Juvenile Puerile inSipid inTrepid eThenal
Maintenance inTegrity和Integrate roBust avaTar Ancestor Recipe
reCeipt masSage enDow Synthesis paRamter peRimeter testiMonial
exeGesis; allegoResis; miMesis, coPernican Sabotage, Perpetrate
Testimony exegesis,allegoresis,mimesis Desecrate, Recompense
Treatise, experTise(i), igNite, Erudite(ai), Ominous, Estimate
Complete, Process Hideous Industrial terRain Exit Refuge inTerstice
adMonish whereAs hiBitual Illustrate inFormal eDition exTraneous
Image corRal Advertise Flagrent Deluge deMise, reBel, Asterisk,
auTocracy, interlocutor asSiduious, assiDuity, theAtrically
deCrial, auThorial, euRasian,aCescence acquiescence deliquescence
convalescence evanescence obso-lescence reminiscence renascence
decrescent marcescent pubescent quiescent resipiscent suffrutescent
anTithesis, Synthesis, Capitalism, Socialism, Rhetoric, mediEval,
priMeval, transcenDental, apotheOsis, Finite, Erudite, inTerrogate,
proVocative, moNopoly, transCendence, Immanence, Diligence,
Impudent, eMergence, beNevolence, malevolence Object, obJection,
obJective. executive enDow Synthesis paRamter peRimeter testiMonial
exeGesis; allegoResis; mimesis Juvenile Puerile inSipid inTrepid
eThenal Maintenance inTegrity Integrate roBust avaTar Ancestor
Recipe reCeipt massage