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《音乐启蒙书》:莫扎特死亡之秘(英汉对照)

2007-04-25 18:47阅读:
11月27日
萨列里和莫扎特中毒事件
——摘自《音乐启蒙书:音乐中的希望和力量》
(中央编译出版社07年4月版,<美>诺曼.格里兰著、李波译)

安东尼奥·萨列里Antonio Salieri(1750~1825)著名意大利作曲家。主要作品:《塔拉里》等40部歌剧及多首弥撒曲。

他曾经培育过很多显赫的作曲家——贝多芬、哈姆尔、舒伯特、李斯特,等等,但在今天,人们最能够记住安东尼奥·萨列里的,却是一件可能并不是他干的事——毒杀莫扎特。
彼得·谢弗的戏剧和米洛斯·弗曼的电影《阿玛迪乌斯》将这个故事做了含沙射影的处理,作品暗示,萨列里出于平庸的才能和阴暗的妒忌心理,密谋将单纯如孩童的天才莫扎特从身体到精神搞垮。关于萨列里毒杀莫扎特的传言在当时就传开了,并一直传了下来。
莫扎特的第一个死亡报告推测,他死于中毒,但没有提到萨列里。尽管早在1803年,卡尔·马里·冯·韦伯拜访萨列里时就听到了对他的指控。从那时起,和莫扎特妻子有亲戚关系的韦伯就断绝了和萨列里的一切来往。1822年夏天,当罗西尼访问维也纳时,他和萨列里玩笑般地谈起了这桩流言。
第二年,萨列里的健康状况和他的声誉一起开始恶化。到1823年秋天,萨列里忍受着肉体和心灵的双重崩溃,带着杀害莫扎特指控的噩梦般的心理压力,被送往维也纳总医院。传言很快就在维也纳闹得满城风雨。这些情况可以参考当时出版的几本贝多芬对话集。
在一次神志清醒的时候,萨列里反击流言,为自己辩
护,他对作曲家伊格拉斯·莫歇尔斯说:“尽管我时日不多,但我敢发誓,所谓我毒死莫扎特的谣言绝对不是真的。我什么事也没做,只是有人出于恶意欺骗世界。”
然而,毒杀谣言很快就在俄国闹得天翻地覆。1830年,萨列里死后5年,亚历山大·普希金写了一部微型悲剧《莫扎特和萨列里》,在这出戏里,萨列里公开地将毒药放进了莫扎特的杯子里。1898年,尼古拉·里姆斯基-柯萨科夫用普希金的戏剧为蓝本,创作了一部同名歌剧。当萨列里跌入黯淡的深渊时,莫扎特的声誉蒸蒸日上。当萨列里的音乐最终重新演出时,却不可救药地和一个巨大的传说牵涉在一起,这个传说大到无法遏制和淡忘。所以归根到底来说,不是莫扎特,而是萨列里被毒杀了!

【注释】metaphorically比喻地,隐喻地mediocre 平庸的 literally 确实的 persist 持续 speculate 推测 learn of 获悉 deranged 紊乱的,疯狂的 lucid 明亮的,神智清醒的 spite 恶意 boost 提高,推动 miniature 微型 in the long run 最终 obscurity暗淡,朦胧 in the long run 最终

November 27th
Salieri & the Poisoning of Mozart

He taught great composers—Beethoven, Hummel, Schubert, Liszt—and many others. But today Antonio Salieri is best remembered for something he probably didn’t do—poisoning Mozart.
Peter Shaffer’s play and Milos Forman’s film Amadeus treat the poisoning story metaphorically, suggesting that the mediocre, jealous Salieri conspired to break the childlike genius Mozart physically and emotionally. Yet the rumor that Salieri literally poisoned Mozart persisted in Salieri’s own time and long after.
The first reports of Mozart’s death speculated that he had been poisoned but did not mention Salieri, though as early as 1803 Carl Maria von Weber learned of the accusations when he visited Salieri. From then on, Weber—who was related to Mozart’s wife—avoided all contact with Salieri. In the summer of 1822 when Rossini visited Vienna, he discussed the rumors jokingly with Salieri.
The next year, Salieri’s health took a turn for the worse, and with it, his reputation. Salieri suffered a physical and mental breakdown in the autumn of 1823, was admitted to the Vienna general hospital, and in a deranged state of mind, accused himself of having killed Mozart. Quickly rumors spread throughout Vienna. References to them appear in Beethoven’s conversation books of the time.
In a lucid moment Salieri defended himself against the rumors, saying to composer Ignaz Moscheles: “Although this is my final illness, I can say in good faith that there is no truth to the absurd rumor that I poisoned Mozart. It’s nothing but spite to tell the world that.”
Nonetheless, the poisoning rumor quickly got its biggest boost—in Russia. In 1830, five years after Salieri’s death, Alexander Pushkin wrote a miniature tragedy called Mozart and Salieri in which Salieri openly slips poison into Mozart’s glass. In 1898, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov used Pushkin’s drama as the basis for an opera of the same name. All the while, Mozart’s reputation continued to rise, while Salieri fell into obscurity. When Salieri’s music finally began to be performed again, it was inevitably linked with a legend that had gotten too big to stop. In the long run it was not Mozart, but Antonio Salieri who had been poisoned.

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