你对伊斯兰教或穆斯林知多少？
2014-02-23 21:13阅读：
INVESTIGATES to
ISLAM:
1. Islam
is the name of the religion. A person who practices Islam is known
as a Muslim. The adjective “Islamic” usually refers to objects and
places, not people. The term “Mohammedanism” is an outdated term
for the faith and is usually considered
insulting.
| 2.
Islam is an Arabic word that means “peace,” “security,”
and “surrender.” Muslim means “one who peacefully
surrenders to God.” Any one from any race could be Muslim; in other
words, “Muslim” does not refer to a particular race.
3. Famous
Muslims in America include Janet Jackson, Muhammad Ali, Shaquille
O’Neal, Mara Brock Akil (writer/produc |
er of the series “The Game” and “Girlfriends”), Mos Def (Yasiin
Bey), Mike Tyson, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, Ice Cube, Akon, and Anousheh
Ansari, the first Muslim woman in space.
4.
Mohammad’s flight (the Hegira) from Mecca in A.D. 622 is the
beginning of the rise of Islam. It also marks the beginning of the
Islamic, or Hijri, calendar.
5.
Mohammad ibn Abd Allah was born around A.D. 570 in Mecca, Arabia
(present-day Saudi Arabia) and died on June 8, 632, in Medina,
Arabia. He claimed that when he was 40 years old, he received his
first revelation from God.
6. The
Islamic Golden Age, which is traditionally dated as being the
8th–13th centuries, was marked by the ascension of the Abbasid
Caliphate. The Abbasids were influenced by the Quran’s injunction
that “the ink of the scholar is more holy than the blood of the
martyr.” During this time, the Arab world became an intellectual
center for science, astronomy, chemistry, physics, mathematics,
philosophy, medicine, and education.
7. The
Muslims created a House of Wisdom (Bait-ul-Hikmat), which was
active during the 9th –13th centuries, where both Muslim and
non-Muslim scholars sought to translate the world’s knowledge into
Arabic. Many classic works of antiquity that might have otherwise
been lost were preserved in Arabic and Persian and later translated
into Turkish, Hebrew, and Latin. Here, scholars synthesized and
significantly advanced knowledge gained from the Roman, Chinese,
Persian, Egyptian, Greek, Byzantine, and Phoenician
civilizations.
8. Muslim
scholars Ibn Rushd and Ibn Sina were primarily responsible for
saving the works of Aristotle, whose ideas would later dominate
both the Christian and Muslim worlds.
9.
Inventions that emerged from the Islamic world include the
discovery of citric acid (Jābir ibn Hayyān), arabesque
architecture, the minaret, the bridge mill, the vertical-axle
windmill, teaching hospitals, marching bands, early torpedoes, the
guitar, the lute, the water pipe (hookah,
narghile,or shisha), early attempts at gliding,
algebra, the pinhole camera, the laws of refraction, coffee, and
more.
10. Muslim
scholar Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), who was born in A.D 965,
formulated the scientific method and has been referred to as “the
world’s first true scientist.” He is also often regarded as the
first theoretical physicist. Additionally, he developed what is
called celestial mechanics, which lead to the eventual work of
Europeans such as Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, and
Newton.
11. The
basic beliefs one must have in order to be considered a Muslim
include a belief in 1) the One God; 2) all the prophets of God; 3)
the original scriptures revealed to Prophets Moses, David, Jesus,
and Muhammad; 4) the angels; 5) the Day of Judgment and the
Hereafter; and 6) the divine decree or destiny.
12. There
are an estimated 1.6 billion Muslims in the world, which is about
1/5 of the world’s population. Due to birth and conversion rates,
Islam is considered to be the fastest-growing religion in the world
today.
13. Islam
is the second-largest faith community, after
Christianity.
14.
Although Muslims are often associated with the Arab world, fewer
than 15% of Muslims are Arabs. Muslims are found among virtually
all ethnic groups, nationalities, and
countries.
15. In
November 2013, Marvel announced that a 16-year-old Pakistani Muslim
American girl, Kamala Khan, from New Jersey will be one of their
lead superheroes.
16. Many
academic traditions, including the distinction between graduates
and undergraduates began at the Islamic university Al-Azhar (“the
resplendent”) University in Cairo. The university was founded in
the 10th century and is renowned for its philosophical and
theoretical scholarship.
17. A
Muslim woman retains her own family name upon marriage, rather than
taking the name of her husband. This symbolic act emphasizes that
she remains her own person, with her own valid
identity.
18.
Scholars such as Ibn Sina (980-1037), known in the West as
Avicenna, developed the work of the ancient Greeks in both medicine
and philosophy. When Christians came into contact with the Muslim
world during the crusades, they brought back Muslim scholarship
which, in turn, helped spark the European
Renaissance.
19.
Islamic astronomy became highly advanced during the Middle Ages.
Astronomy was important to Muslims because it could be used to
figure out the direction of Mecca so that people knew which way to
face during prayers. This is one example of how the Western world
is still influenced by Muslim innovations.
20. The
Islamic world produced the first skilled, specially trained
pharmacists, who made their own medicines and worked closely with
physicians.
21. A
13th-century Islamic writer described the circulation of blood some
400 years before this was “discovered” in
Europe.
22.
Algebra, from the Arabic al-jabr, originated in the
Islamic world.
23. While
originally Muslims had an “un-guilty” approach to sex, this
openness has been lost over time and discussions about sex have
become taboo. Hoping to change this, Indian-American Muslim
activist Asra Nomani has written an “Islamic Bill of Rights for
Women in the Bedroom” to “uphold women’s right to pleasure.”
Additionally, a new chick-lit novel called No Sex and the
City features a Muslim heroine. Both books show Muslim women
having open discussions about sexuality, its role in their
identity, and their fears and aspirations.
24. One
famous hadith (Islamic saying) is “Allah is beautiful and
loves beauty” Beauty has always been, therefore, very important to
Muslims, and developments in the visual arts such as architecture,
calligraphy, painting, textiles, metal work, and ceramics were
encouraged. However, because of strict laws against idolatry,
traditional Islamic art avoided images of humans or
animals.
25. During
the Middle Ages, the Muslim world had two enormous business
advantages: 1) they had a huge range of contacts, so they could
trade everything form African gold to Chinese porcelain to European
amber and furs, and 2) Muslim craft workers were highly skilled,
which meant their goods always found a ready market. Without Muslim
merchants, Europeans would have had no rice, sugar, or
coffee.
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