语言学试题(3)
2006-11-10 22:47阅读：
Chapter 3
Lexicon
I. Choose the best
answer. (20%)
1. Nouns, verbs and
adjectives can be classified as __________.
A. lexical words
B. grammatical words
C. function words
D. form
words
2. Morphemes that
represent tense, number, gender and case are called __________
morpheme.
A. inflectional
B.
free
C. bound
D. derivational
3. There are
__________ morphemes in the word denationalization.
A. three
B. four
C. five
D. six
4. In English –ise
and –tion are called __________.
A. prefixes
B. suffixes
C.
infixes
D.
stems
5. The three
subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and __________.
A. derivational
affix B.
inflectional affix
C. infix
D. back-formation
6. __________ is a
way in which new words may be formed from already existing words by
subtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old
word.
A. affixation
B.
back-formation
C. insertion
D. addition
7. The word TB is
formed in the way of __________.
A. acronymy
B. clipping
C.
initialism
D. blending
8. The words like
comsat and sitcom are formed by __________.
A. blending
B. clipping
C.
back-formation
D. acronymy
9. The stem of
disagreements is __________.
A. agreement
B. agree
C. disagree
D.
disagreement
10. All of them are
meaningful except for __________.
A. lexeme
B. phoneme
C.
morpheme
D. allomorph
II. Decide whether
the following statements are true or false. (10%)
11. Phonetically,
the stress of a compound always falls on the first element, while
the second element receives secondary stress.
12. Fore as in
foretell is both a prefix and a bound morpheme.
13. Base refers to
the part of the word that remains when all inflectional affixes are
removed.
14. In most cases,
prefixes change the meaning of the base whereas suffixes change the
word-class of the base.
15. Conversion from
noun to verb is the most productive process of a word.
16. Reduplicative
compound is formed by repeating the same morpheme of a word.
17. The words
whimper, whisper and whistle are formed in the way of
onomatopoeia.
18. In most cases,
the number of syllables of a word corresponds to the number of
morphemes.
19. Back-formation
is a productive way of word-formations.
20. Inflection is a
particular way of word-formations.
III. Fill in the
blanks. (20%)
21. An __________ is
pronounced letter by letter, while an __________ is pronounced as a
word.
22. Lexicon, in most
cases, is synonymous with __________.
23.
Orthographically, compounds are written in three ways:
__________, __________ and __________.
24. All words may be
said to contain a root __________.
25. A small set of
conjunctions, prepositions and pronouns belong to __________ class,
while the largest part of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
belongs to __________ class.
26. __________ is a
reverse process of derivation, and therefore is a process of
shortening.
27. __________ is
extremely productive, because English had lost most of its
inflectional endings by the end of Middle English period, which
facilitated the use of words interchangeably as verbs or nouns,
verbs or adjectives, and vice versa.
28. Words are
divided into simple, compound and derived words on the __________
level.
29. A word formed by
derivation is called a __________, and a word formed by compounding
is called a __________.
30. Bound morphemes
are classified into two types: __________ and __________.
IV. Explain the
following terms, using examples. (20%)
31. Blending
32. Allomorph
33. Closed-class
word
34. Morphological
rule
V. Answer the
following questions. (20%)
35. How many types
of morphemes are there in the English language? What are they?
（厦门大学，2003）
36. What are the
main features of the English compounds?
VI. Analyze the
following situation. (20%)
37. Match the terms
under COLUMN I with the underlined forms from COLUMN II
（武汉大学，2004）
I
II
(1) acronym
a.
foe
(2) free morpheme
b.
subconscious
(3) derivational
morpheme
c.
UNESCO
(4) inflectional
morpheme
d.
overwhelmed
(5) prefix
e.
calculation
I.
1~5 AACBB
6~10 BCADB
II.
11~15 FTFTT
16~20 FTFFF
III.
21. initialism, acronym
22. vocabulary
23. solid, hyphenated, open
24. morpheme
25. close, open
26. back-formation
27. conversion
28. morpheme
29. derivative, compound
30. affix, bound root
IV.
31. Blending: It is
a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by
combining the meanings and sounds of two words, one of which is not
in its full form or both of which are not in their full forms, like
newscast (news + broadcast), brunch (breakfast + lunch)
32. Allomorph: It is
any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position
or adjoining sounds.
33. Close-class
word: It is a word whose membership is fixed or limited. Pronouns,
prepositions, conjunctions, articles, etc. are all closed-class
words.
34. Morphological
rule: It is the rule that governs which affix can be added to what
type of base to form a new word, e.g. –ly can be added to a noun to
form an adjective.
V.
Omit.
VI.
37.
(1) c
(2) a
(3) e
(4) d
(5) b
