端及尾的X线影像特征，探讨骨骼病变与繁殖方式、发病年龄和病程阶段的关系。
1 材料和方法
1.1一般资料
1.1.1病例：中国农业大学动物医院半年内收集的苏格兰折耳猫骨软骨发育不良病例7例，包括详细追踪病例2例（为同父同母不同窝兄妹，父母代均为苏格兰折耳猫，每隔一月或两月进行X线检查）。年龄从1月龄到7月龄不等，其中5例为4-6月龄。母猫3例，公猫4例。临床症状主要为四肢远端及尾粗短、关节僵硬，踩高跷样跛行，跳跃能力下降。
1.1.2正常猫：来中国农业大学动物医院注射疫苗的健康猫。28月龄苏格兰短毛公猫和2岁龄正常苏格兰折耳公猫各一只。
1.2方法
分别拍摄前肢腕掌部、后肢跗跖部和尾椎的正侧位X线片。结合年龄、临床表现和繁殖方式对X线影像进行评判。
1.3设备
1.3.1 X线机：北京万东医用射线机厂500mA X线机及附属设备。
1.3.2 暗盒：广东汕头市粤华医疗器械厂20.3×25.4cm中速钨酸钙增感屏及暗盒。
1.3.3 医用X光片：柯达20.3×25.4cm感蓝胶片。
1.3.4 洗片设备：柯达X－OMAT1000自动洗片机，柯达显、定影液。
1.3.5 观片灯：广东汕头市粤华医疗器械厂单联观片灯。
2 结果
2.1X线影像特征
苏格兰折耳猫骨软骨发育不良病例四肢远端及尾部X线影像明显有别于正常猫骨骼细长匀称和关节间隙均一、清晰的影像特征（图1和图2）。根据骨骼形状改变和骨质增生的严重程度可以分为以下三种类型。（1）形态异常型
此类型以骨骼形态异常、畸形为特征。X线影像主要表现为跗跖骨、尾椎骨和腕掌骨变短增粗，中间细、两端膨大。可见以上各骨两端及胫腓骨和桡尺骨远侧干骺端增宽，皮质缘外展，呈杯口状（图3和图4）。
此种类型病例发病年龄小，通常早于6月龄，且发病年龄越小，畸形越严重。（2）骨质增生型
此类型主要以四肢远端关节周围骨质增生为主。X线影像主要表现为跗关节和腕关节周围密度增大，关节间隙减小，甚至骨性强直（图5）。此类型病例发病时间一般较晚，症状较轻，甚至不表现临床症状（图6）。（3）混合型
形态异常型病例，随病情加重，常可发展成混合型。此类型病例病史长，临床症状也更为严重，表现为四肢远端和尾椎在发生骨骼畸形的同时伴有关节周围骨质增生，甚至骨性强直（图7-11）。
图1
28月龄苏格兰短毛公猫(背跖位)
图2
2岁正常苏格兰折耳公猫(背跖位)
Fig.1 28 months old male Scottish shorthair (DPl)
Fig.2 2 years old normal male Scottish fold
(DPl)
图3 5月龄母猫，父母代均为折耳(背掌位)
图4
5月龄母猫，其母为折耳（背掌位）
桡尺骨远端膨大成杯口状，掌骨粗短、
掌骨粗短，两端膨大成喇叭状。
畸形，形状不规则。
Fig.3 5 months old female, whose parents Fig.4 5
months old female, whose mother is Scottish
fold（DPa）
are Scottish folds (DPa)
Distal radial and ulnar growth plates are of
Metacarpal bones are shorter, and both ends are
“bugle” swelling.
an abnormal shape, and there are “cupping”
of the distal metaphysics. And the metacarpal
bones are shorter and misshapen.
图5 5月龄母猫，其母为折耳 （内外侧位）
图6 3岁龄公猫，父母代均为折耳（背跖位）
远列跗骨、跖骨近端骨样密度增生。
跗关节周围可见光滑型骨样密度增生。
Fig.5 5 months old female, whose mother
Fig.6 3 years old male, whose parents are Scottish folds
(DPl)
is Scottish fold（ML）
Periarticular new bone formation around
Smooth new bone formation around tarsal
joint.
distal tarsus and proximal metatarsus.
图7 6月龄公猫，父母代均为折耳(背跖位)
图8
5月龄母猫，父母代均为折耳(内外侧位)
新生骨填充跗骨间关节、跗跖骨间关节及跖
腕掌骨周围新骨增生，桡尺骨两端畸形。
趾骨间关节间隙。
桡尺骨与腕骨及桡尺骨近端关节间隙增大。
Fig.7 6 months old male, whose parents
Fig.8 5
5 months old female, whose parents are
are Scottish folds (DPl)
Scottish
folds（ML）
New bone formation around intertarsal,
New
bone formation around carpal and metacarpal, and both
tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal joints.
ends of radial and ulnar
are misshapen. Joints space
is enlarged in carpal joint and elbow joint.
2.2 X线影像病变进程
比较同父同母不同窝两病例各个年龄阶段的X线片（图3、8、11和图7、9、10）可以发现：苏格兰折耳猫骨软骨发育不良为进行性疾病，开始时主要表现为后肢远端和尾椎中部骨骼的变形、关节间隙变小、骨质增生。随病程的发展，前肢远端也出现相同的变化，但程度要比后肢及尾椎轻。比较其它病例同一时间前后肢的X线片也可以发现后肢远端病变要比前肢远端严重。
图9
10月龄公猫，父母代均为折耳(腹背位)
图10
5月龄公猫，父母代均为折耳(内外侧位)
尾椎粗短，两端膨大成杯口状，椎骨间骨质
跗间关节、跗跖间关节及跖趾间
增生，椎骨间隙变窄，甚至融合。
关节间隙变窄，轻度骨质增生。
Fig.9 10 months
old male, whose parents are
Fig.10 5 months old male, whose parents are
Scottish folds (VD)
Scottish folds ( ML)
Vertebrae are shorter and thicker, with enlarged
Intertarsal, tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsal
bony vertebral endplaes, reduced intervertebral
joints were
narrowed, and somewhat new bone
spaces and new bone formation tending towards
formation around these
joints.
ankylosis of adjacent vertebrae.
图11 5月龄母猫，父母代均为折耳(ML)
跗间关节、跗跖间关节及跖趾间关节间隙变窄，重度骨质增生。
intertarsal, tarsometatarsal and intermetatarsa joints were
narrowed, and severe new bone formation around these
joints.
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3 讨论
3.1苏格兰折耳猫繁殖的后代可以分为以下几种：苏格兰短毛猫、纯合苏格兰折耳猫和杂合苏格兰折耳猫。由于认识到折耳猫与折耳猫交配产生的纯合折耳猫易患骨软骨发育不良这种疾病，现在所推荐的繁殖方式是折耳与英国短毛猫、美国短毛猫或苏格兰折耳猫的立耳后代即苏格兰短毛猫交配
[1][7]。但最近报道和本院接诊的临床病例表明，杂合折耳猫也发生骨软骨发育不良，且本院接诊的病例要早于所报道的6月龄
[8]。
3.2比较苏格兰短毛猫和正常苏格兰折耳猫后肢跗跖的X线片（图1和图2），可以发现正常折耳猫远端骨骼更为粗短（跖骨直径和长度的比值更大），但此折耳猫仅从外观表现为四肢粗壮，而无其它异常。
3.3比较父母代均为折耳和父母代仅有一方为折耳的病例，可以发现：（1）父母代均为折耳的病例发病年龄小，在一月龄就可表现症状，2月龄时X线检查可见跗关节增粗，跖骨干骺端弯曲，骺板变宽，趾骨也有同样变化，但不显著。在病变的发展过程中先以四肢远端和尾椎骨骼的畸形为主，后再进一步表现为四肢远端和尾椎骨骼关节间隙的减少、关节周围骨骼的增生；（2）父母代仅有一方为折耳的病例发病时间较晚，一般在4-6月龄。X线检查主要表现为四肢远端和尾椎关节周围骨骼的增生，骨骼变形不明显。父母代均为折耳的病例发病年龄小，可能与父母均为折耳的后代为折耳基因的纯合体有关。骨骼的畸形程度与发病时的年龄有关，发病年龄越小，畸形程度越重。这可能与发病年龄越小与骨骼快速生长发育阶段重合时间越长有关。
3.4父母代均为苏格兰折耳猫的年幼母猫病例19周龄X线片（图8）可见桡尺骨近端变形，肘关节间隙增大呈现半脱位，这与当前报道发病部位为四肢远端及尾椎的骨与关节
[1]不相符合。在临床调查中通过骨骼X线检查还发现两例（1岁和3岁）父母均为折耳猫的后代跗关节出现增生型病变（图6），但不表现出任何临床症状。对于是否会出现临床表现，有待进一步追踪。
4
参考文献：
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irradiation of scottish fold osteochondrodysplasia[J]. Vet Radiol
Ultrasound,2004,45(6):582-585.
X-ray imaging study of Osteochondrodysplasia in Scottish fold
cats
YE Xiao-min1, GUO Jing-wei2, CHEN
Ping3, XIE Fu-qiang1*
(1、College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agriculture
University, Haidian, Beijing, 100094,China；2、Beijing
agricultural college ,Changping, Beijing,
102206,China；3、Veterinary Teaching Hospital of China
Agriculture University Haidian, Beijing, 100094,China)
Abstract: Radiographs of seven Scottish fold
osteochondrodysplasia cases were studied，and also
comparative with Scottish shorthair
’s and normal
Scottish
’s. Scottish fold osteochondrodysplasia
radiological characters were discovered that bones irregularity in
the size and shape of tarsal/metatarsal region, caudal vertebra and
carpal/metacarpal region, narrowed joints spaces, and calcified
periarticular in these areas. Radiological pathologic of distal
hindlimbs and middle caudal vertebra are seen more serious and
earlier than distal forelimbs. And bone misshapen can also be seen
more serious when symptom emergent earlier. Progeny of Scottish
folds emergent symptom earlier and bone misshapen more severe than
offspring from the mating of a Scottish fold to a cat with normal
ears. Ulna and radium proximal misshapen, elbow joint dysplasia
were founded in one case of Scottish folds posterity.
Key words: cat；Scottish
fold；osteochondrodysplasia；osteodystrophy；x-ray
* Corresponding author: XIE Fu-qiang
