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英国遗产list之邱园

2015-04-10 18:57阅读:519
英国皇家植物园(Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew),又名邱园(Kew Gardens),是联合国世界遗产。
邱园的原形是由坎佩尔伯爵建立。后来由乔治三世(George III )的母亲奥古斯塔皇太后在此基础上扩建了许多花园。其中建于1761年的中式佛塔保存至今天。当初此园由乔治(George III )主建,由苏格兰园艺师威廉·阿衣通(William Aiton)和男爵约瑟夫·班克斯(Sir Joseph Banks)辅助下完成。
1840年,这些花园成为正式的国家植物园。在当时邱园的主管威廉·虎克的领导下,植物园由起初的30公顷扩建至109公顷,不久后到达120公顷。
如今的邱园身处世界植物学研究的领导之位。2003年,邱园为联合国世界遗产名录(World Heritage Sites by UNESCO)所收录。仅2005,邱园接待了来自世界各地的游客148万。
引用自联合国世界遗产名录陈述:
Brief Description
[Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew]
This historic landscape garden features elements that illustrate significant periods of the art of gardens from the 18th to the 20th centuries. The gardens house botanic collections (conserved plants, living plants and documents) that have been considerably enriched through the centuries. Since their creation in 1759, the gardens have made a significant and uninterrupted contribution to the study of plant diversity and economic botany.
Justification for Inscription
Criterion ii: Since the 18th
century, the Botanic Gardens of Kew have been closely associated with scientific and economic exchanges established throughout the world in the field of botany, and this is reflected in the richness of its collections. The landscape features and architectural features of the gardens reflect considerable artistic influences both with regard to the European continent and to more distant regions. Criterion iii: Kew Gardens have largely contributed to advances in many scientific disciplines, particularly botany and ecology. Criterion iv: The landscape gardens and the edifices created by celebrated artists such as Charles Bridgeman, William Kent, Lancelot ‘Capability’ Brown and William Chambers reflect the beginning of movements which were to have international influence.
大致说的就是邱园对18世纪到20世纪的园艺史有着重大的意义。他收藏的植物品种浓缩了几个世纪的精华。从1759年起,邱园就致力于研究各种植物和经济作物。邱园在园艺上的成就以后在植物品种收藏和植物学研究上的成就使其名正言顺的位列联合国世界遗产名录。
经过入口最引人入胜的是Palm House,该温室由英格兰建筑学家Decimus Burton (30 September 1800 - 14 December 1881)和Richard Turner (1798-1881)设计建造。耗时4年时间(1844-1848)。这是邱园的第一个温室。在这个温室中可以找到世界上70%的棕榈树。
为庆祝成为联合国世界遗产,该温室于2004年对公众开放。
rose pergola当初是为了纪念邱园开园200周年而建在Order Beds的主道上,现在已经成为了一道亮丽的风景。
Aqualic Garden


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