锅炉的化学监督
2006-12-15 12:50阅读：
10 锅炉的化学监督
Boiler chemical supervision
10.1 锅炉化学监督的任务是：防止水汽系统和受压元件的腐蚀、结垢和积盐，保证锅炉安全经济运行。锅炉的水汽品质，应按GB12145
《火力发电机组及蒸汽动力设备水、汽质量标准》和《火力发电厂水汽化学监督导则》的规定执行。
The boiler chemistry supervision duty
is: Prevented the water vapor
system and the bearing part
from corrosion, scaling and salt
accumulation and guarantees the
boiler security and economy of
operation. The boiler water
vapor quality, should be carried
out according to GB12145
Thermoelectricity Generation Unit and
Steam Power Equipment Water,
Steam Quality Specifications and
Thermal Power Plant Water
Vaporizes Chemical Supervision
Specifications.
10.2锅炉制造
厂供应的管束、管材和部件、设备均应经过严格的清扫，管子和管束内部不允许有存水、泥沙和明显的腐蚀现象。其开口处均应用牢固的罩子封好。重要部件和管束，应采取充氮、汽相缓蚀剂等保护措施。安装单位应按SDJ68《电力基本建设火电设备维护保管规程》的规定进行验收和保管。锅炉正式投入生产前应做好停用保护和化学清洗、蒸汽吹扫等工作。
The tube banks, the tubing, the
part and the equipment boiler
factory supplied controls, should
be subject strict clearing,
the interior of the pipe
and tube banks is not
allowed to have the water
storage, the silt and
the obvious corrosion phenomenon.
It opening place should be
sealed with firm cover. The
important part and tube banks,
should adopt protective measures
such as the nitrogen filling,
vapor-phase corrosion inhibitor and
so on. Installing unit is
supposed to carry out the
approval and the storage work
according to SDJ68 Thermal Power
Equipment Maintenance and Storage
of Electric Power Infrastructure
Construction Regulations Before the
boiler is official service ,stop
using protection and chemical
cleaning, the steam clearing and
so on works should be
well conducted.
管束、管材及设备部件封闭的密封罩，在施工前允许开启。
Sealing covers of tube banks
tubing and the equipment
component is allowed to open
before the construction.
10.3汽包内部汽水分离装置和清洗装置出厂前应妥善包装、保管和防护，并应采取措施，防止运输途中碰撞变形或遭雨淋而发生腐蚀。
Steam disengaging and purifier devices
in the steam drum before
leaving the plant should be
in proper pack, storage and
protection, and should take
measures, to prevent colliding
distortion in transportation or
suffer corrosion from rain
drench .
10.4锅炉部件制造完毕进行部件（组件）水压试验后，应将存水排净，采取清理防腐措施。
After the manufacture of boiler
part and the part (module)
the hydraulic pressure test,
water storage should be cleared
up and anticorrosion measure
should be taken.
10.5 禁止锅炉上质量不符合标准要求的水。不具备可靠化学水处理条件时， 禁止锅炉启动。
Water not to conform to the
standard request is forbidden to
use in the boiler. When
the reliable chemistry water
treatment conditions don’t exist,
start up of the boiler is
forbidden.
10.6 额定蒸汽压力为9.8MPa以上的锅炉整体水压试验时，
应采用除盐水。水质应满足下列要求：
a)氯离子含量小于0.2mg/L；联氨或丙酮
b)含量为200-300 mg/L;
c) pH 值为10~10.5( 用氨水调节)
Overall hydraulic pressure test of
the boiler with the fixed
steam pressure 9.8MPa above ,
should use demineralized water.
The water quality should satisfy
the following requirements:
a) The chloride ion content is
smaller than 0.2mg/L; The
hydrazine or acetone
b) The content is 200-300
mg/L;
c) The pH value is
10~10.5(adjust with ammonia
water)
10.7
新装的锅炉应进行化学清洗，清洗的范围按SDJJS03《电力基本建设热力设备化学监督导则》的规定执行。
The newly installed boiler should
be subject to chemical cleaning;
the clean Scope is referred
to SDJJS03 Electric Power
Infrastructure Construction Thermal
Energy Equipment Chemical Supervisions
Directions
过热器整体清洗时，应有防止垂直蛇形管产生汽塞、铁氧化物沉淀和奥氏体腐蚀的措施。未经清洗的过热器、再热器应进行蒸汽加氧吹洗。
Measures should be taken to
prevent the vertical snake tube
from steam binding, iron oxide
depositing, and austenite corrosion
when superheater is cleaned. The
uncleaned superheater, reheater should
have oxygenated blowwash.
锅炉经化学清洗后,一般还应进行冷态冲洗和热态冲洗。
The boiler after chemical cleaning,
generally also should have cold
washing and hot washing.
新建锅炉化学清洗后即应采取防腐措施，并尽量可能缩短至锅炉点火的间隔时间，一般不应超过20天。
Anticorrosion measures should be taken
immediately after the newly-built
boiler chemical cleaning and the
boiler ignition time interval
should be reduced as much
as possible, generally the time
should not surpass 20
days.
10.8 锅炉停用备用时，应按SD233《火力发电厂停（备）用热力设备放锈蚀导则》采取有效的保护措施。采用湿法防腐时，
冬季应有防冻措施。
When the boiler is in stop
use or spare use, effectively
protective measures should be
taken according to SD233Thermal
power plant Anticorrosion Directions
of Thermal energy Equipment in
Stop or Spare use. When
using the aqueous anticorrosion,
frost proof measures should be
taken in winter.
锅炉安装、试运行阶段应按SD JJS03《电力基本建设热力设备化学监督导则》
的规定做好各项工作：
a) 建立加药、排污及取样等监督制度；
b) 保持正常的锅内、炉外水工况；
c) 健全锅炉化学监督的各项技术管理制度和各种技术资料；
d) 进行热化学试验和汽水系统水质查定；
e) 努力降低汽水损失。
All preparation work could be
done according to SD JJS03
Electric Power Infrastructure
Construction Thermal Energy Equipment
Chemical Supervision Directions at
the sage of boiler installment
and trial running.
a) Establish supervision system of
filling medicine, dumping waste
and sampling and so on;
b) maintain the normal water
operating condition in the
boiler and outside the
stove
c) Perfect kinds of technical
management system and technical
data of the boiler chemical
supervision;
d) Conduct thermochemistry experiment
and the steam system water
quality check;
e) Try to reduce the steam
loss.
10.10
水汽取样装置探头的结构型式和取样点位置应保证取出的水、汽样品具有足够的代表性，并应经常保持良好的运行状态（包括取样水温、水量及冷却器的冷却能力），以满足仪表连续监督的需要。
Structure pattern and sampling position
of the water vapor sample
device poke head should
guarantee the water and the
steam sample taken out have
enough representation, and should
frequently be kept in good
running status (including sample
water temperature, water volume
and chiller cooling capacity),
meeting the needs which the
measuring appliance continuously
supervises.
10.11
锅炉采用喷水减温时，减温水质量应保证减温后的蒸汽钠离子、二氧化硅和金属氧化物的含量均符合蒸汽质量标准。
water cooling quality should make
sure that steam sodium ion,
silicon dioxide and metal oxide
compound content after cooling
conform to the steam quality
standard when the boiler useing
water spraying coiling.
10.12 饱和蒸汽中所含盐类在过热器管内聚集会影响过热器安全运行，必要时应安排过热器反冲洗。
Gathering of salt contained in
the saturated steam could
influence superheater safe operation,
when necessary, counter- flushing
of the superheater should be
arranged.
10.13
运行锅炉化学清洗按SD135〈火力发电厂锅炉化学清洗导则〉规定执行， 应定期割 管检查受热面管子内壁的腐蚀、结垢、积盐情况。当受热面沉淀物（按酸洗法计算）达到表９的数值时，或锅炉化学清洗间隔时间超过表９中规定的极限值时，应安排锅炉的化学清洗。以重油作燃料的锅炉和液态排渣炉，按高一级蒸汽参数标准要求。
To conduct boiler chemical cleaning,
please accord to SD135 Thermal
Power
Plant Boiler Chemical Cleaning
Directions and regularly shear
the tube to inspect the
heating surface pipe corrosion,
scaling, salt gathering
situation.
表９ 锅炉化学清洗间隔 Time interval of boiler
chemical cleaning
锅炉类型Boiler Type 工作压力Working pressure
ＭＰａ 沉淀物Settling
ｇ／ｍ２ 清洗间隔Cleaning Interval
年Year
汽包锅炉Drum Boiler ＜５．８８ ６００～９００ １２～１５
５．８８～１２．６４ ４００～６００ １０
≥１２．７ ３００～４００ ６
直流锅炉Monotube Boiler ２００～３００ ４
采用酸洗法进行锅炉化学清洗时，应注意不锈钢部件（如节流图、温度表套、汽水取样装置等）的防护，防止不锈钢的晶见腐蚀。
when using acid cleaning to
conduct the boiler chemical
cleaning, attention should be
paid to protect stainless steel
part (for example throttle
chart, thermometer wrap, steam
sample device and so on)
and prevent intergranular
corrosion.
对于额定蒸汽压力大于５．９ＭＰａ的锅炉，在系统设计时应考虑：
ａ）清洗设备的安装场地和管道接口；
ｂ）清洗泵用的电源；
ｃ）废液排放达到合格标准应具备的设备和条件。
As for boiler fixed steam
pressure bigger than 5.9 M
P a the following should
be taken into consideration when
designing the system:
a) Clean the equipment installment
location and pipeline connection;
b) Power source for scavenging
pump
c) Equipment and condition that
the waste liquid discharging
needs to achieve the qualified
standard.
10.14 为防止锅炉酸性腐蚀，当锅水pH
值低于标准时，应查明原因采取措施。凝汽器在有泄漏时应及时消除，并密切注意给水水质。
In order to prevent the boiler
from sour corrosion, when the
water pH value is lower
than the standard, reasons
should be verified and measures
should be taken. When the
condenser is leaking it should
promptly be handled, and the
close attention should be given
the water quality.
一旦发现水冷壁向火侧内壁有腐蚀迹象时，应采取预防进一部发展为氢脆的措施。
Once the corrosion sign of water
cooling wall fire side is
founded, measures should be
taken to prevent development for
the hydrogen embrittlement.
10.15
胀接锅炉锅水的游离NaOH含量，不的超过总含量（包括磷酸盐）的20%。为了防止锅炉的碱性腐蚀，当采取协调磷酸盐处理时，锅水钠离子与磷酸盐根离子的比值，一般应维持在2.5~2.8。
The bulging boiler drifting NaOH
content should not surpasses the
total content (including phosphate)
20%. In order to prevent
the boiler from alkalinity
corrosion, when coordinating the
parkerising, the boiler water
sodium ion and the phosphate
root ion ratio, generally should
maintain at 2.5~2.8.
