专四词汇３
2007-04-27 12:59阅读：
61．principal a.&n./principle n.
这两个单词读音与拼写很容易混淆。Principal作形容词使用时意思是“主要的，首要的”，作名词时意思是“校长，本金”；principle当作名词使用，其意义为“原则，原理”。例如：
He has been the principal singer of our troop.
他是我们团的主唱。
Those are the principal points I want to explain to
everybody.
这些便是我要向大家解释的要点。
She has been the principal of this school for ten years.
她已经在这所学校里当了10年校长。
What he said is against my principle.
他的话与我的原则相悖。
62．range n./scale n./scope n.
range的意思是“距离，范围”；scale的意思为“规模，等级”，scope的含义较窄，表示“范围，机会”。例如：
The transmitter has a range of 10000 miles.
发射机的发射范围是方圆一万英里。
We teach the full range of ball-room dances.
我们教授所有的交谊舞。
On a scale of 1to10,how do you rate his performance?
如果用1到10给他打分的话，呢给他的表演打几分？
The scale of the pollution problem was much worse than scientists
had predicted.
污染的规模大大超过了科学家们先前的预测。
The politics of the country
is really beyond the scope of a tourist book like
this.国家的政治问题的确超出了象这样一本旅游书的内容范围。
63.recent a./current a.
recent表示“最近，最近的”；current表示“当前的，现时的”。例如：
The bicycle is a recent purchase.
这辆自行车是最近才买的。
Of these recent magazines, only one is still current.
这些近期杂志中只有一本是当月的。
The current fashions are more casual than those in the 90s.
现在的时尚比90年代的时尚更要随意。
They talked about the current events when they met again that
night.
那晚他们见面时谈了一些时事。
64.resident n./inhabitant n.
这两个单词都含有“居民”的含义。Resident多指“住在大楼、公寓等住所的住户或城市的居民”；inhabitant多指“居住在某一地区的居民”。例如：
The inhabitants of this tropical island are very friendly.
这个热带岛国的居民对人很友好。
The residents of the town are proud of its new library.
城里的居民都为他们的新图书馆感到骄傲。
Only resident can drink in the hotel bar.
旅店酒吧只对住店客人开放。
65.resist v./oppose v.
resist表示“反抗。抵抗，顶住”；oppose的意思是“反对”，经常出现在短语be opposed
to中，表示“反对，违反，相反”。例如：
The nation was unable to resist the invasion.
这个国家无法抵御外敌入侵。
No boy can resist the temptation of video games.
男孩子很难抵御电子游戏的诱惑。
He opposed the idea immediately.
他马上表示反对这个想法。
This sort of thing is utterly opposed to all my principles.
这种事情完全违反我的原则。
66.respectful a./respectable a./respective a.
这三个单词拼写方面很相似，容易混淆。Respectful的意思是“尊敬的，必恭必敬的”；
respectable的意思是“值得尊敬的”；而respective与“尊敬”没有任何联系，它的意思是“分别的，单独的，各自的”。例如：
The crowd waited in respectful silence for the great man to
speak.
人群恭恭敬敬地静候那个伟人讲话。
It is not respectable to be drunk in the street.
醉倒在大街上不是件体面的事。
They went home to their respective houses.
他们分头各自回家。
67.scatter v./spread v.
scatter的意思是“分散，散开，洒”；spread的意思是“传播开，铺开，展开”。例如：
We spread newspapers on the floor to catch the dust.
我们把报纸铺在地板上来挡灰尘。
He scattered his clothes all over the room.
他的衣服扔得满屋都是。
The television quickly spread the news of September Eleven attack
all over the world.电视迅速地将9。11攻击事件的新闻传到世界各地。
68.security n./safety n.
security的意思是“安全，保卫”，比safety要正式一些，多用来表示安全感，特指国家、社会的安全；safety指“处于安全的状态，没有危险”，具体指人身、货物的安全。例如：
For security reasons the passengers have to be searched.
出于安全考虑，对所有的乘客都要进行检查。
The captain is responsible for the safety of the ship.
船长对船只的安全负责。
69.stress n./emphasis n.
stress作为名词的意思是“重点，紧张，压力”；emphasis的意思是“强调，重点”。表示强调时二者在口语中可以互换。例如：
He puts the emphasis on discipline in his teaching.
他在教学中十分强调纪律。
Quietly clearly the emphasis was on reading skills in our English
classes.
很显然，我们的英语课重点是阅读技能。
Her parents always put a lot of stress on good table manner.
她的方面总是强调进餐时的礼貌举止。
The stress of work made her ill.
工作的压力使她病倒了。
70.stable a./steady a.
stable的意思是“稳定的，牢固的”；steady的意思是“稳固的，平稳的”。例如：
The chair is not very stable.
这把椅子不太结实。
He finally built a stable business operation.
他终于建立起稳固的商业运作体系。
The table is not steady.
这张桌子不太稳。
He is making steady progress in his work.
他的工作正蒸蒸日上。
71. vacation n./vocation n.
这两个单词的拼写与读音相近，容易混淆。Vacation的意思是“假期，假日”；vocation的意思是“职业”。例如：
I think I will take a vacation this weekend.
我想这个周末去度假。
A doctor’s vocation is medicine.
医生是以行医为职业的。
72.wander v./wonder v.
这两个单词的外形与读音极其接近，容易混淆。Wander的意思是“游荡，漫游”；
wonder的意思是“纳闷，想知道，感到奇怪”。例如：
We wandered all over the countryside.
我们在乡下四处游荡。
I wonder what they call these flowers.
我不知道他们管这些花叫什么。
I wonder that he was not injured in the accident.
我真没有想到在事故中他居然毫发无损。
73.wooden/wooded
这两个单词都是形容词，极易混淆，前者表示“木制的，用木头材料制成的”；后者表示“被植被覆盖的，郁郁葱葱的。”
除了上述词语外，我们在英语学习与应试的过程中还会发现一些容易混淆的词组。下面仅列举出其中的一部分，请注意辨析。
1.a few/a little
这两个词组都含有“少许，一些”的意思，a few可以与可数名词连用；a
little多与不可数名词连用。例如：
A few people know it.
有几个人知道这件事。
Do not worry, you still have a little time.
别担心，你还有一点时间。
2.a great deal/a great many
这两个词组都表示“大量的，许多”。前者与不可数名词连用；后者与可数名词连用。例如：
A great deal of work awaits us.
大量工作等着我们去做。
We have a great many things to do at present.
我们目前有许多事情要做。
3.(be/get/become)accustomed to/used to
be accustomed to表示“习惯于做某事”；used
to表示“过去常常做某事”。例如：
Have you got accustomed to the weather here?
你已经习惯这里的天气了吗？
He used to play guitar with my cousin.
他过去常和我的表哥一起弹吉他。
4.add to/add up to
add to表示“把----加到------，增加，增强”；add up
to表示“总计，总起来看，意味着----”。例如：
She added some sugar to her tea.
她往茶里加了些糖。
The music added to our enjoyment.
音乐使我们变得更加愉快。
The money he spent added up to more than $2000.
他一共花了2000多美元。
Your long answer just adds up to a refusal.
你这么罗嗦的回答，意味着你将会被人拒绝。
5.as well/as well as/may(might) as well.
as well的意思是“也----， 还-----”；as well as的意思是“不仅---，还---”；
may(might) as well的意思是“不如-----，不妨-----”。例如：
It has been a great grief for him as well.
这对他来说是个极大的悲痛。
Lisa as well as Linda is leaving for New York
tonight.
丽莎与林达今晚将启程去纽约。
It is a political as well as an economic
question.
这不仅是一个经济问题也是一个政治问题。
You might as well help me to get things
straight.
你不如帮我把事情办好。
6.at last/in the end
at
last的意思是“最终，最后”，常指经过努力后的最终结果；in the
end的意思是“末尾，结尾，事情的最后时刻”。例如：
At last I found my lost bicycle in a deserted house.
我终于在一所废弃的房子里找到了我丢失的自行车。
I hope everything will turn out all right in the end.
我希望结束时一切顺利。
7.after all/at all
after all的意思是“毕竟”；at all的意思是“一点也不”。例如：
Do not be fussy about what he did. After all he is only a
child.
别对他的所作所为太苛刻，他毕竟还是个孩子。
I am not at all interested in what he said.
我对他说的话根本不感兴趣。
8.break out/break through/break down
break out的意思是“爆发，迸发”；break
through的意思是“打破，冲破”；break
down的意思是“抛锚，出故障，失败”。例如：
Riots and disorders have broken out.
这里已经发生了骚乱与混乱。
He broke out laughing.
他突然大笑了起来。
The Allies sought to break through the German lines.
盟军试图突破德军的防线。
Scientists hope to break through soon in their fight against
cancer.
科学家们希望在与癌症的较量中尽早有所突破。
Our car broke down on my way to the village.
在去乡下的路上，我们的车抛锚了。
Their negotiation broke down because neither side would
compromise.
由于双方都不让步，他们的谈判最终破裂了。
9.at all cost/by all means/by means of
at all cost的意思是“不惜一切代价”；by all means的意思是“竭力，千方百计”； by means
of的意思是“用----手段（方法、方式）”。例如：
Mr. Jackson intended to save his son’s life at all cost.
杰克逊先生打算不惜一切代价抢救他儿子的生命。
We must get there by all means before he has a chance to break the
news to her.
我们必须尽力在他有机会把消息透露给她之前赶到那里。
The fisherman saved himself by means of a floating log.
渔夫靠一块漂浮的圆木幸免于难。
10.call for/call up
call for的意思是“来找某人，要求，需要（采取行动）等”；call up的意思是“打电话，想起，
征召入伍等”。例如：
I will call for you at nine.
我9点钟来探望你。
Success should call for much hard work.
成功需要付出诸多努力。
On reaching the city, she called up him.
一到达那个城市她就给他打电话。
He was called up for military duty.
他应征入伍。
The picture of the Capitol called up memories of our class
trip.
国会大厦的图片是我想起我们班的旅行。
11.come about/work out/figure out
come about的意思是“出现，发生，造成”；work out的意思是“经过努力做出，得出，算出”；figure
out的意思是“想出，算出，弄明白”。例如：
How did this dangerous state of affairs in Europe come about?
欧洲的危险形式是如何造成的？
I tried to figure out what he meant.
我想弄明白他的意思。
We must work out a better method of saving paper.
我们必须想出节约纸张的更好办法。
We must work out how we are going to do it.
我们必须想出该如何做这件事情。
12.come round/come to
come round的意思是“复原，苏醒，恢复健康等”，round是副词；come
to的意思是“涉及，来到，苏醒，恢复知觉”，to是介词，后面所跟的consciousness常被省略。例如：
The man was stunned, but he came round after a time.
那个人先是一愣，但很快便恢复了常态。
When it comes to mathematics, I am all thumbs.
至于数学，我是一窍不通。
She is unconscious now, but may come to at intervals.
她现在失去了知觉，但时而也会苏醒一会儿。
13.cut back/cut down
这两个词组都有“削减，减少”的意思，可以互换使用。但有时cut
back侧重于表达不再增加，部分收回或回收到原水准而造成的减少；而cut
down则多用来表示实际数量上的减少。例如：
The government has decided to cut back this year’s military
expense.
政府决定减少今年的国防开支。
I have decided to cut down my smoking.
我已经决定减少吸烟的次数。
14. due to/owe to
due to的意思是“应属于----， 由于-----，因为----”；owe
to的意思是“把---归功于----”。例如：
A great deal of money is due to you.
一大笔钱应属于你。
His absence was due to the bad weather.
由于恶劣的天气，他未能出席。
We owe everything to you, doctor.
大夫，这一切都应该归功于你。
We owe this success to luck more than to capacity.
我们的成功主要是因为运气，而不单单是能力。
15.face to/face up to
face to的意思是“面对，面临，朝着”；face up to的意思是“大胆面对，勇于面对”。例如：
The house faces to the east.
那所房子面东而立。
He faced up to his troubles manfully.
他勇敢地面对自己的困难。
16.give up/give in
give up的意思是“放弃”；give in的意思是“认输，投降，屈服”。例如：
She gave up her job to look after her invalid mother.
她放弃了自己的工作，回来照看自己生病的母亲。
As neither of us would give in, the bargain fell through.
由于我们都不让步，买卖终未成功。
17.go over/go through
go over的意思是“检查，审阅，复习”；go through除了和go
over一样可以表示“审阅，检查”的意思外，还可以表示“做完，做一遍，翻找，搜寻”的意思。例如：
Let’s go over every detail again. We will start work
tomorrow.
咱们再把所有的细节过一遍，然后明天就开始工作。
He went over his note before the exam.
考试前，他将课堂笔记温习了一遍。
Mother went through the drawer looking for the
sweater.
母亲把整个抽屉翻了个遍，寻找那件毛衣。
I would like to have you go through the book.
我们希望你能把这本书浏览一下。
Let’s go through the exercise.
咱们来做这些练习。
They went through the new marriage service.
他们体验了新的婚礼的全部过程。
18.hang on to/hold on to
hang on to的意思是“不肯放弃，紧紧抓住不放，专心在----上面”；hold on
to的意思是“抓住不松手”，强调要坚持。例如：
There are some people who hang on to their jobs long
after they should have retired.
有些人早到了退休年龄却一直还在岗位上工作。
Hold on to my hand tightly while we cross this
street.
过街时，抓紧我的胳膊。
Do not panic, just hold on to that rock and I will
come to save you.
别慌，抓住那块石头别松手，我这就过来救你。
19.in addition/in addition to
in addition的意思是“此外”，不强调前面提到的事情；in addition
to也表示“另外，此外”，但是强调的是在前面提及事情的基础上的附加。前者相当于副词，而后者相当于介词。例如：
In addition to this subject, they also taught history and
geography.
除了这门课，他们还教授了历史和地理。
In addition, he was taught how to repair cars.
此外，人们还教给他如何修理小汽车。
20.look into/see through
look into的意思是“调查，深入了解”；see
through的意思是“看穿，识破”。例如：
I have been looking in to that case this week.
本周我一直在调查这个案子。
He could see through her lies.
他能够识破她的那些谎话。
21. so that/so……that
so that用于表示目的或结果的状语从句； so
……that则用于表示程度的状语从句。例如：
Let’s try and arrange so that we can get there at one
o’clock.
咱们来安排一下，这样我们可以在一点钟赶到那里。
One of her lungs is affected a little so that she has to
rest.
她的一侧肺部受到一点感染，所以她需要休息。
He was so young that you must excuse him.
他太年轻，你必须原谅他。
So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by
day.
月亮真亮，照得这些花跟白天一样明亮。
22.turn to/turn into
turn to的意思是“转向----， 求助于------”；turn
into的意思是“变成，转变成---”。例如：
They always turn to me when they are in trouble.
一有麻烦，他们就来向我求助。
The first book to turn to on that subject is the
Encycloapedia.
关于这个题目，首先应该去查阅百科全书。
The sofa turns into a bed.
这个沙发变成了一张床。
You can never turn me into a salesman, I am not made for it.
你别指望能够把我培养成一个推销员，我天生就不是那块材料。
23.used to/be used to
used to后面需要紧跟动词原形，意思是“过去常常-----”，实际上强调过去某种状态现在已经不再存在； be used
to后面需要接名词或者相当于名词的结构，意思是“习惯于-----”。例如：
I used to go swimming on Saturdays but now I don’t.
我过去常常在星期六去游泳，但现在不去了。
I am not used to getting up so early.
我不习惯这么早起床。
