人——世界的光荣,也是世界的笑柄和谜!
《西厢记》中的红娘在品评张生(张君瑞)和郑恒人品时说——
乾坤:
清者为乾,
浊者为坤,
人在其中相混。
君瑞是君子清贤,
郑恒是小人浊民。
乾坤:
清者为乾,
浊者为坤,
人在其中相混。
君瑞是君子清贤,
郑恒是小人浊民。
Know then thyself, presume not God to scan;
The proper study of mankind is Man.
Placed on this isthmus of a middle state,1
A being darkly wise, and rudely great:
With too much knowledge for the skeptic side,
With too much weakness for the Stoic's pride,2
He hangs between; in doubt to act, or rest,
In doubt to deem himself a god, or beast;
In doubt his mind or body to prefer,
Born but to die, and reasoning but to err;
Alike in ignorance, his reason such,
Whether he thinks too little, or too much:
Chaos of thought and passion, all confused;
Still3 by himself abused, or disabused;
Created half to rise, and half to fall;
Great lord of all things, yet a prey to all;
Sole judge of truth, in endless error hurled:
The glory, jest, and riddle of the world!
(《英语鼎诗选译》 何功杰 译注,苏州大学出版社 2011年4月第一版)人 论(节选1-18行)认识自己,不要擅自去审视上帝;
适合研究人类的正是“人”自己。
他被置于处在中间地带的地岬,
既愚昧又聪敏,既原始又伟大;
他了解太多,不敢随便怀疑,
太软弱,难以实行苦行主义;
他悬在中间,行止犹豫不定,
不知视自己为野兽还是神灵;
留心灵还是留肉体,总是踌躇,
生来就要死,说道理却犯错误;
都一样的无知,理智也如此,
想得太少或太多,结果无异:
思想和激情如浑沌,一团混乱,
总是滥用自己,或是自解疑团;
生来就处在半升半降的状态;
是万物之长,又受万物侵害;
真理的唯一裁判被投进永远谬误之地:
他是世界的光荣,也是世界的笑柄和谜!