3.2.4 Hyponymy下义关系
2006-12-11 11:23阅读：
1.3.2.4
Hyponymy下义关系
Hyponymy: refers to the sense relation between a more general, more
inclusive word and a more specific
word.下义关系是只一个更广义、更具有包容性的词与一个更具体的词之间的意义关系。
Superordinate: 上坐标词the word which is more general in
meaning.意义更广泛的词叫上坐标词。
Hyponyms:下义词the
specific words更为具体的词
Co-hyponyms 并列下义词hyponyms of the same
superordinate.同一个上坐标词的几个下义词之间互为并列下义词
1.3.2.2
Antonymy
反义现象
Antonymy: refers to the oppositeness of
meaning
i.
Gradable antonyms 级差反义词
Some antonyms are gradable because there are
often intermediate forms between the two members of a pair. So it
is a matter of
degree.有些反义词存在级差，是因为在对词的两个词之间往往具有中间形式。Cold—cool---warm---hot
ii.
Complementary
antonyms 互补反义词
A
pair of complementary antonyms is characterized by the feature that
the denial of one member of the pair implies the assertion of the
other.一对互补相反词具有否定该对中的一个词就意味着对另一个肯定的特征。
燑/P> i.
relational opposites 关系反义词
Pairs of words that exhibit the reversal of a
relationship between the two items are called relational
opposites.显示两个词项之间的关系颠倒的成对词被成为关系反义词。Buy,
sell
1.1 Sense relations between
sentences 句子之间的意义关系
句子之间和词汇一样也存在某种关系：
1.
X
is synonymous with Y ：X和Y同义
2.
X
is inconsistent with Y ：X 和Y不一致
3.
X
entails Y ( Y is an entailment of X)
：X蕴涵了Y
(Y是X的一个含义)
Eg. He has been to France----------He has been to Europe.
4.
X
presupposes Y. ( Y is a prerequisite of X)
：X预设Y
（Y是X的先决条件）
Eg. John’ bike needs repairing.-----John has a
bike.
5.
X
is a contradiction：X是一个矛盾
X is semantically
anomalous：X 语义破格 （荒谬）
