“主谓一致”的几点注意·Neither 的基本用法
2014-08-05 08:37阅读:
一、用并列结构作主语时,谓语动词用复数。如:
1、He
and I are brothers.
2、Jenny
and Lisa are from the
United States.
二、当两个名词指一个概念或一个人时,谓语动词用单数。如:
1、A
teacher and writer was present
at the meeting.
2、The
worker and technician is her
father.
三、当主语是单数,他后面跟有“with”,“together with”,“as well
as”,“except”,“but”,等引起的短语,谓语动词仍然用单数。如:
1、The
engineer with nine assistants is
coming to the
factory.
2、Mary
as well as her sisters
studies Chinese in
China.
四、代词each
和由 every,some,no,any 构成的复合代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。如:
1、Each
of us has something to
say.
2、Everybody is
here.
五、等立连词 either…or 与
neither…nor …连接两个主语时,如果一个是单数,一个是复数,谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致,即就近原则。如:
1、Either
your students or Mr Li
knows this.
2、Neither
my father nor I am at
home.
六、当 there +be
结构的主语是一系列的事物时,谓语用复数,但谓语常常和最邻近的主语一致。如:
1、There
is a pen,two books
and some paper on his
desk.
2、There
are three erasers,some chalk
and a ruler on the
teacher’s
desk.
七、表示时间、价格(金钱)或度量衡的复数作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数。这个复数名词作为一个单一的概念,被看作一个整体。如:
1、Ten
minutes is enough.
2、Six
dollars is too
expensive.
八、表示数量的one and a
half 后的名词虽然是复数形式,谓语动词用单数。如:One
and a half bananas is
left on the table.
九、如果主语由“the+形容词”指一类人或事物时,谓语动词用复数。如:
1、The
blind study in special
schools.
2、The
rich are not always
happy.
Neither 的基本用法
一、用作代词,意为“(两者)都不”(not one
nor the other two),作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Neither of us likes
smoking
我们俩都不喜欢抽烟。
Neither of the sisters is
here.
姊妹俩都不在这里。
I like neither of the
stories.
这两个故事我都不喜欢。
肯定句中的neither
与否定句中的 either 在句中作主语或宾语时,可以互相转换,其意义完全相同(neither=not either)。因此,上面的例句可以转换为:
Either of us
doesn’t like
smoking.
Either of the sisters is
not here.
I don’t like
either of the stories.
二、用作形容词,意为“(两者)都不的,皆不”,Neither
修饰主语时,其名词和谓语动词用单数形式。如:
Neither book was
satisfactory.
两本书都不令人满意。
Neither sister is at
home.
姊妹俩都不在家。
Neither answer is correct.
两个答案都不对。
neither 在句中作宾语时,可与
either…or…互相转换,其意义不变。上面的例句可以转为:
Either book was not
satisfactory
Either sister is not at
home
Either answer is not
correct.
三、作连词用,其形式为“Neither…
nor…”意为“既不…又不…”,连接词性相同的词或短语。当neither 连接两个主语(名词或代词)时,谓语须和第二个名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。如:
1、Neither
you nor I know
this.
你和我都不知道这件事。
2、Neither
he nor I am able to
swim.
你和我都不能去游泳。
(连接代词)
3、Neither
the teacher nor his students
know how work out the
problem.
老师和他的学生们都解不出那道题。 (连接名词)
4、It
is neither hot nor
cold.
天气既不热也不冷。
(连接形容词)
5、He
is neither in the library
nor in the
classroom.
他既不在图书馆也不在教室。
(连接副词)
6、Jack
neither saw the eagle nor
heard anything about
it.
杰克既没看到也没听说关于鹰的任何情况。
(连接动词)
neither… nor…在句中连接的两个同等成分,可以转换为either…or…的形式,其意义不变。上面的1、3、4、6可分别转换为:
Either you nor
I don’t know this.
Either the
teacher nor his students
don’t
know how work out the
problem.
It is not
either hot nor cold.
Jack did not
either saw the eagle nor
heard anything about it.