过去分词做后置定语详解
2016-12-28 19:20阅读：
过去分词做后置定语详解
武汉治森诀窍英语 黄治森编写
过去分词做后置定语详解
武汉治森诀窍英语黄治森编写
【高二的任务，适合于高一以上学生】
【后置定语】汉语和英语不同，汉语的定语全部都是前置定语，也就是放在被修饰的名词前面，所以称为前置定语。但是，英语既有前置定语，又有后置定语，特别是过去分词做后置定语，对于中国学生来说，有点难以掌握。
【分词做定语】要注意以下三个特点：
1.
过去分词短语做后置定语比较好掌握，也就是过去分词带有自己的副词或介词构成短语。少数时候带有逻辑主语的主语补足语。
The story well known to us all is Sima
Guang.
The snake killed in the field was
picked up by a boy.
The book written by Lu Xun is taught in
class.
The boy called Tom is my
brother.
2.
单个的过去分词一般只能做前置定语，很少做后置定语。
3.
但是某些单个的过去分词可以做后置定语；学习方法是：记住某些少数单词；有时同一个过去分词既能做前置定语，也能做后置定语，但是含义有区别。
（given used adopted concerned
gained left received seen heard shown provided
）
The boats used are beautifully painted
and decorated with flowers of all colors.
所使用的船漆得很漂亮而且被各种颜色的花所装饰。
This is a used cell phone.
这是一部旧手机
【过去分词短语做后置定语是普遍现象】
注意：过去分词主要含有被动的含义，它主要是表被动，表完成。要学好过去分词短语做后置定语，就得学过被动语态和定语从句。被动语态做后置定语的句子改写成短语，就是过去分词短语。这样就特别好理解，也容易掌握。
【单个的过去分词做前置定语也是普遍现象】这个很好掌握，只要注意：过去分词表完成、表被动有可以了。
the developed
countries 发达国家; (the developing
countries发展中的国家）
well-trained
policemen 训练有素的警察
man-made
satellites 人造卫星;
invited people
被邀请的人
We only sell used
books. 我们只卖用过的书。
【难点1】单个的过去分词做后置定语。学习方法是：死记某些单词和句型。
1.
名词前有only，very，the
first，the
last等词或有形容词最高级时，分词放在名词后。
This is the farthest place
seen. 这是能看到的最远地方。
That is the very thing wanted
. 那正是所需要的东西。
This is the only machine
required. 这是唯一需要的机器。
2. 在there
be句型中,分词放在名词后。
There was no time left.
剩下了没有时间了。
There are some students
injured. 有一些学生受伤了。
3.
分词修饰代词时，放在代词后。
Who is the one
killed？ 被杀的那人是谁？
【难点2】少数过去分词既可以做前置定语，也可以做前置定语，但是含义有区别。
1. The method used is very
efficient （运用的，使用的）
2. This is a used
bike.（旧的）
大多数被邀请参加会议的人
3. The glass broken by my
son has been swept away.
被我儿子打破的玻璃已经扫走了。
4. Hangzhou, known to the
nation for its West Lake, has changed greatly.
以西湖闻名全国的杭州已发生很大变化。
(Hangzhou, which is known to the nation
for its West Lake, has changed greatly.)
5. This will be the best novel of its
kind read by me.
6. The book, written in
1957, tells the struggle of the miners.
7. All the broken windows
(=All the windows that were broken) have been
repaired.
所有打破的窗子都已被修好。
8. In autumn there are many
fallen leaves (=many leaves that have fallen) on the
ground. 秋天地上有许多落叶。
9. The Town Hall completed in the
1800’s was the most distinguished building at that
time.
10. “Things lost never
come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
11. Five people won the
“Chinas Green Figure” award
(“绿色中国年度人物奖”), a title given to ordinary people
for their contributions to environmental
protection.
12. There have been several new events
added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic
Games.
13. The repairs cost a lot, but it’s
the money well spent.
14. The speaker answered all the
questions raised by the
audience.
15. Make sentences using the words
given. Do you know the boy lying under the big
tree?
16. The woman selling vegetables
has gone
17. Did you attend the meeting
held yesterday ?
18. The road was covered with
fallen leaves.
19. This is a book written by a
famous Chinese writer.
20. We must keep a secret of the things
being discussed here.
21. The telegram sent by my
sister brought the news of my dear grandma's
death.
22. Let’s try the bookstore
opened last month.
23. Nine out of ten women
interviewed about the product said they liked
it.
24. The three guns stolen from
the police stations were found in the
house.
25. I don't like going to supermarkets
located in the centre of the town.
26. You will have
chances to improve your spoken English in
the courses
provided.
27. There is no more time
left.
【答题诀窍】一个句子只能有一个谓语动词，除非有并列连词连接在一起。如果在出现动词，就要改为非谓语动词。表示将来的动作或状态就用不定式；表示主动或正在进行的就用现在分词；表示完成或被动的就用过去分词；如果占据在名词的位置上就要选用动名词或动词不定式。（关键的就是：要学会找到非谓语动词的逻辑主。）
某些过去分词相当于形容词，或者说已经转化成了形容词，可以在句中作表语。（另有讲解）
【例句与讲解】
