高考英语语法系列训练（十七）定语从句
2010-09-21 09:37阅读：
I.知识点归纳
一．概念
1．由一个句子作定语，修饰句中一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容，这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2．关系词分为两大类，即关系代词(that which who whom whose
as)和关系副词(when where
why)，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其所修饰的先行词，三是在句中充当某个句子成分。
二．定语从句的注意点
1.which和 that用法辨异
1)只能用that的情况
①当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, few, none, , anything,
nothing，everything等时
(something后可以用which)
②先行词既指人又指物时.They talked about things and persons that they
remembered.
③先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时
④先行词被the
very, the only, the last, any, every, no
,all修饰时
⑤先行词是疑问词who,
what, which时或先行词 在由which,
who引导的特殊疑问句中时
Who that you have ever seen can beat him in
chess?
⑥关系词在从句中作表语时.
He is not that man that he
was.（他已不是过去的他了）
2) 只能用which的情况
①引导非限制性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子时
②如果句中有两个定语从句，其中一个用了that,另一个最好用which.
Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from
the library which was newly open to us.
③先行词本身就是that时
I
have that which you gave me.
（我有你给的那个）
④ 介词之后须用which. This is the one of which I’m
speaking.这就是我所讲的那个。
2.只能用who 的情况
1)先行词是指人的不定代词one, ones, nobody, everyone,
anyone或all时 2)先行词是those和people时 3)在there be开头的句中
4)先行词指人时后有一个较长的定语或被其他成分隔开时
5)在非限制性定语从句中
3.as和which用法辨异
1)只能用as的情况
①as通常与the same, such,
so或as搭配使用
②位于句首的定语从句用as引导
③as常解释为“正如...的那样”,
“ 正像...”，如：
as is known to all, as we all know, as has been
said before, as was expected, as is said above, as is mentioned
above, as is reported in the newspaper等
2)只能用which的情况
①充当定语从句的主语时，
从句的谓语动词是联系动词或被动语态时用as,
which都可以，从句的谓语是行为动词时，只用which
②接在介词后面时只用which
③当从句的谓语是否定形式或接一个复合宾语时， 只能用which，不用as
He admires everyone in the class, which I find quite
strange.
4.the same... as 和
the same
...that的用法辨异.
That’s the same tool as I used last
week.（同类事物）
That’s the same tool that I used last
week. 那就是我上周用过的工具。（指原物）
5.the way
做先行词时，定语从句可由that, in
which 引导或不用引导词。
6.介词+which/whom/whose
This is the boss in whose company his elder sister is
working.
7.定语从句和同位语从句之间的区别
①定语从句的先行词是名词和代词，定语从句起限制、修饰先行词的作用，
而同位语从句的先行词是抽象名词，它解释、说明先行词的具体内容：
The news that our team has
won is true. （ 同位语从句）
The news that he told me is true.
(定语从句)
②先行词在从句中作成分是定语从句，先行词在从句中不作成分是同位语从句
The news (that) he told me
is exciting.（作宾语可省）
The news that he has been
elected president of the United States is true.
（引导同位语从句不可省）
8.先行词是 reason在从句
中作主语，宾语，关系词用which/that/as,作状语用why
This is the reason that he told me
yesterday.
This is the reason why he was late for
the meeting.
9.先行词是地点名词如在从句中作主语，宾语，关系词用which/that/as,
作状语用where.
That is the factory which/that produces 100,000TV sets a
year.
That is the factory where/in which his father once
worked.
10.先行词是“时间名词”
如在从句中作主语，宾语，关系词用which/that/as,
作状语用when.
I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent on that
lonely island.
I’ll never forget the day when/on which I joined the
Party.
11.but
作为关系词引导定语从句。
There is no mother but loves her children=There is no
mother who does not love her children
12.在下列情况下必须使用非限制性定语从句。
