美国律师协会《职业行为示范规则》（6）：“规则1.5 律师费”和“规则1.6 信息保密”
2014-04-24 20:45阅读：
ABA Model Rules of Professional
Conduct (6)
美国律师协会《职业行为示范规则》（6）
说明：本英汉对照文本是根据美国律师协会（American Bar
Association，ABA）2004年颁布的文本翻译整理而来，仅供个人作为完善中国律师行为准则参考和法律英语学习资料，请勿用于任何商业目的。
Rule 1.5: Fees
规则1.5：律师费
(a) A lawyer shall not
make an agreement for, charge,
or collect an unreasonable fee
or an unreasonable amount for
expenses. The factors to be
considered in determining the
reasonableness of a fee include
the
SPAN>
(1) the time and labor
required, the novelty and
difficulty of the questions
involved, and the skill
requisite to perform the legal
service properly;
(2) the likelihood, if apparent
to the client, that the
acceptance of the particular
employment will preclude other
employment by the
lawyer;
(3) the fee customarily charged
in the locality for similar
legal services;
(4) the amount involved and
the results obtained;
(5) the time limitations imposed
by the client or by the
circumstances;
(6) the nature and length
of the professional relationship
with the client;
(7) the experience, reputation,
and ability of the lawyer
or lawyers performing the
services; and
(8) whether the fee is
fixed or contingent.
(a)律师不应通过协议约定或者收取不合理的律师费或不合理的其他费用。确定律师费是否合理应考虑的因素如下：
(1) 需要的时间和劳动，涉及问题的新奇和困难程度，以及适当提供该项法律服务所必需的技能；
(2) 律师接受特定客户的聘请后将妨碍接受其他客户聘请的可能性，如果此等可能性对于客户是显而易见的话；
(3) 在当地提供类似法律服务通常收取的律师费数额；
(4) 涉及的金额以及获得的结果；
(5) 客户或者客观情况施加的时间限制；
(6) 与客户之间的专业服务关系的性质和持续时间；
(7) 提供服务的律师的经验、名声和能力；以及
(8) 律师费是固定的还是或有收费。
(b) The scope of the
representation and the basis or
rate of the fee and
expenses for which the client
will be responsible shall be
communicated to the client,
preferably in writing, before or
within a reasonable time after
commencing the representation, except
when the lawyer will charge
a regularly represented client
on the same basis or
rate. Any changes in the
basis or rate of the fee
or expenses shall also be
communicated to the
client.
(b)
代理服务的范围以及客户应支付或承担的服务费和其他费用的计算基础和费率应当在开始代理服务之前或之后合理期间内向客户告知，最好是采用书面形式，除非律师将按照与此前相同的计算基础或费率为一个常年客户提供代理服务。律师费或其他费用的收费基础或费率的任何变化也应当告知客户。
(c) A fee may be
contingent on the outcome of
the matter for which the
service is rendered, except in
a matter in which a
contingent fee is prohibited by
paragraph (d) or other law.
A contingent fee agreement
shall be in a
writing signed by the client
and shall state the method
by which the fee is
to be determined, including the
percentage or percentages that
shall accrue to the lawyer
in the event of settlement,
trial or appeal; litigation and
other expenses to be deducted
from the recovery; and whether
such expenses are to be
deducted before or after the
contingent fee is calculated.
The agreement must clearly
notify the client of any
expenses for which the client
will be liable whether or
not the client is the
prevailing party. Upon conclusion
of a contingent fee matter,
the lawyer shall provide the
client with a written statement
stating the outcome of the
matter and, if there is a
recovery, showing the remittance
to the client and the
method of its
determination.
(c) 收费的多少可以取决于法律服务相关事项的结果，但下述(d)款或其他法律禁止采用或有收费的事项除外。有关或有收费的协议应当采用书面形式并由客户签署，其中应当载明或有收费的确定方法，包括：在和解、一审或上诉情形下计算律师费的百分比；可以从胜诉获赔金额中扣除的诉讼费和其他费用；以及此等费用是在计算或有收费之前还是之后扣除。协议必须向客户明确告知其无论是否胜诉都应当承担的任何费用。或有收费事项完结后，律师应当向客户提供一份书面文件，其中载明相关事项的结果、向客户汇付的胜诉获赔款项及金额的确定方法。
(d) A lawyer shall not
enter into an arrangement for,
charge, or collect:
(1) any fee in a domestic
relations matter, the payment or
amount of which is contingent
upon the securing of a
divorce or upon the amount
of alimony or support, or
property settlement in lieu
thereof; or
(2) a contingent fee for
representing a defendant in a
criminal case.
(d)
律师不得与客户达成下述或有收费安排或者收取下述或有收费：
(1) 与婚姻家庭事项相关的或有收费，而且收费与否或收费多少取决于是否达到离婚结果或者取决于赡养费或抚养费或替代性财产协议的金额；
(2) 在刑事案件中为被告人提供辩护的或有收费。
(e) A division of a fee
between lawyers who are not
in the same firm
may be made only
if:
(1) the division is in
proportion to the services
performed by each lawyer or
each lawyer assumes joint
responsibility for the
representation;
(2) the client agrees to
the arrangement, including the
share each lawyer will receive,
and the agreement is confirmed
in writing; and
(3) the total fee is
reasonable.
(e)律师费在不属于同一律师事务所的律师之间进行分配，应当仅限于同时满足下述条件的情形：
(1)
分配比例与律师提供的服务量一致，或者各位律师为代理服务承担了连带责任；
(2)
客户同意此种分享律师费的安排，包括每一位律师应分享的份额，而且此等同意应当由客户书面确认；
(3) 律师费总额是合理的。
Comment - Rule
1.5
评注－规则1.5
Reasonableness of Fee and
Expenses
律师费和其他费用的合理性
[1] Paragraph (a) requires that
lawyers charge fees that
are reasonable
under the circumstances.
The factors specified in (1)
through (8) are not exclusive.
Nor will each factor be
relevant in each instance.
Paragraph (a) also requires that
expenses for which the client
will be charged must be
reasonable. A lawyer may seek
reimbursement for the cost of
services performed in-house, such
as copying, or for other
expenses incurred in-house, such
as telephone charges, either by
charging a reasonable amount to
which the client has agreed
in advance or by charging
an amount that reasonably
reflects the cost incurred by
the lawyer.
[1]
(a)款要求，律师收取的律师费依其情形而言应是合理的。第（1）至（8）项并未详尽列明所有的考虑因素，而且也不是所有因素在每一种具体情形下都是相关的。（a）款还要求，向客户收取的其他费用也必须是合理的。律师可以要求客户偿付其在事务所内部提供诸如复印等服务的成本以及事务所内部产生的电话费等其他费用，为此，律师可以收取已事先经客户同意的一笔合理的固定金额，或者收取与律师实际支出合理一致的金额。
Basis or Rate of Fee
律师费的基础或费率
[2] When the lawyer has
regularly represented a client,
they ordinarily will have
evolved an understanding concerning
the basis or rate of the
fee and the expenses for
which the client will be
responsible. In a new
client-lawyer relationship, however, an
understanding as to fees and
expenses must be promptly
established. Generally, it is
desirable to furnish the client
with at least a simple
memorandum or copy of the
lawyer's customary fee arrangements
that states the general nature
of the legal services to
be provided, the basis, rate
or total amount of the
fee and whether and to
what extent the client will
be responsible for any costs,
expenses or disbursements in the
course of the representation.
A written
statement concerning the
terms of the engagement reduces
the possibility of
misunderstanding.
[2]
若律师常年代理某一个客户，则他们之间通常已就客户应承担的律师费和其他费用的计算基础或费率达成了共识。但在新的客户－律师关系中，有关律师费和其他费用的共识应当及时建立起来。一般而言，律师最好是向客户至少提供一份简单的备忘录或者一份律师常规收费安排表，其中应载明：所提供的法律服务的一般性质，律师费的计算基础、费率或总额，在代理服务过程中客户是否要承担其他任何成本、费用或支出以及相应的金额。就代理服务条款形成一份说明文件有助于降低发生误解的可能性。
[3] Contingent fees, like any
other fees, are subject to
the reasonableness standard of
paragraph (a) of this Rule.
In determining whether a
particular contingent fee
is reasonable,
or whether it is
reasonable to charge any form
of contingent fee, a lawyer
must consider the factors that
are relevant under the
circumstances. Applicable law may
impose limitations on contingent
fees, such as a ceiling
on the percentage allowable, or
may require a lawyer to
offer clients an alternative
basis for the fee. Applicable
law also may apply to
situations other than a
contingent fee, for example,
government regulations regarding fees
in certain tax matters.
[3] 或有收费，与其他任何形式收费一样，都应当遵守（a）款的合理性标准。要确定某项特定的或有收费是否合理，或者收取任何形式的或有收费是否合理，律师必须考虑具体情形中的各种相关因素。适用的法律可能对或有收费施加了限制，比如规定了或有收费百分比的上限，或者可能要求律师向客户另外提供一种替代性的收费基础。适用的法律也可能适用于或有收费之外的情形，例如，关于特定税务事项中的收费问题的政府规章。
Terms of Payment
付款条件
[4] A lawyer may require
advance payment of a fee,
but is obliged to return
any unearned portion. See
Rule 1.16(d).
A lawyer may accept property
in payment for services, such
as an ownership interest in
an enterprise, providing this
does not involve acquisition of
a proprietary interest in the
cause of action or subject
matter of the litigation
contrary to Rule
1.8(i). However, a
fee paid in property instead
of money may be subject
to the requirements of
Rule 1.8(a) because
such fees often have the
essential qualities of a
business transaction with the
client.
[4]
律师可以要求客户提前支付律师费，但有义务归还未实际提供服务的部分。请参见“规则1.16（d）”。律师可以接受财产作为服务费的付款方式，比如企业的所有者权益，只要接受此等财产的付款方式并不违反“规则1.8（i）”有关获得对诉因或诉讼标的的所有者权益的禁止性规定。但是，以财产代替现金支付律师费的方式也可能受限于“规则1.8（a）”的要求，因为此种律师费收费方式常常具有与客户进行商业交易的本质特征。
[5] An agreement may not
be made whose terms might
induce the lawyer improperly to
curtail services for the client
or perform them in a way
contrary to the client's
interest. For example, a lawyer
should not enter into an
agreement whereby services are
to be provided only up to
a stated amount when it
is foreseeable that more
extensive services probably will
be required, unless the
situation is adequately explained
to the client. Otherwise, the
client might have to bargain
for further assistance in the
midst of a proceeding or
transaction. However, it is
proper to define the extent
of services in light of
the client's ability to pay.
A lawyer should not exploit
a fee arrangement based
primarily on hourly charges by
using wasteful procedures.
[5]
如果协议条款可能诱使律师不适当地缩减为客户提供的服务或者以有悖于客户利益的方式提供服务，则律师不得与客户达成此等协议。例如，如果可以预见很有可能需要提供更广泛的服务，则律师不得与客户协议约定提供的服务量仅以达到某一规定的金额为限，除非此等情形已向客户做出充分的解释。否则，客户可能不得不在法律程序或交易进行过程中为获得进一步法律协助而讨价还价。但是，根据客户的支付能力而界定服务范围的做法是适当的。律师不得为了利用主要是基于小时费率的收费安排增加律师费收入而使用不必要的法律程序。
Prohibited Contingent Fees
不允许的或有收费
[6] Paragraph (d) prohibits a
lawyer from charging a
contingent fee in a domestic
relations matter when payment is
contingent upon the securing of
a divorce or upon the
amount of alimony or support
or property settlement to be
obtained. This provision does
not preclude a contract for
a contingent fee for legal
representation in connection with
the recovery of post-judgment
balances due under support,
alimony or other financial
orders because such contracts do
not implicate the same policy
concerns.
[6]
（d）款禁止在与婚姻家庭事项相关的服务中采用这样的或有收费安排，即收费与否取决于是否达到离婚结果或者取决于获得的赡养费或抚养费或替代性财产协议的金额。如果是为追索已生效的赡养费、抚养费或其他财务安排裁决项下未支付款项而提供的代理服务，则该款规定并不排除或有收费安排，因为此等安排并不涉及到相同的政策关切点。
Division of Fee
律师费分配
[7] A division of fee is
a single billing to
a client covering the fee
of two or more lawyers
who are not in the same
firm. A division
of fee facilitates association
of more than one lawyer
in a matter in which
neither alone could serve the
client as well, and most
often is used when the
fee is contingent and the
division is between a referring
lawyer and a trial specialist.
Paragraph (e) permits the
lawyers to divide a fee
either on the basis of
the proportion of services they
render or if each lawyer
assumes responsibility for the
representation as a whole. In
addition, the client must agree
to the arrangement, including
the share that each lawyer
is to receive, and the
agreement must be
confirmed in
writing. Contingent fee
agreements must be in a
writing
signed by the
client and must otherwise comply
with paragraph (c) of this
Rule. Joint responsibility for
the representation entails financial
and ethical responsibility for
the representation as if the
lawyers were associated in a
partnership. A lawyer should
only refer a matter to a
lawyer whom the referring lawyer
reasonably believes
is competent to handle the
matter. See Rule
1.1.
[7]
律师费分配是指为不属于同一事务所的两个或多个律师的服务费汇总向客户开具一份账单的情形。律师费分配有利于多个律师在各自单独都不可能为客户提供同等优质服务情况下进行联合，最常见的情形是或有收费模式下转介律师与专业出庭律师之间的分配安排。（e）款允许律师之间基于他们各自提供服务的比例分配律师费，也允许在每一位律师都对整个代理服务承担责任情形下采用律师费分配安排。此外，此种安排必须经客户同意，包括每位律师收取的份额，而且相关协议必须经过客户书面签署确认。或有收费协议必须经客户书面签署确认而且必须在其他方面符合（c）款的规定。对代理服务承担连带责任要求各位律师如同是以合伙方式联合起来一样承担财务和职业道德责任。律师只能将一项事务转介给其合理相信有能力胜任该项事务的律师处理。请参见“规则1.1”。
[8] Paragraph (e) does not
prohibit or regulate division of
fees to be received in
the future for work done
when lawyers were previously
associated in a law
firm.
[8]（e）并不禁止或者规范律师之间分配为此前同属于一个律师事务所时已做的工作而将要收取的律师费。
Disputes over Fees
律师费争议
[9] If a procedure has
been established for resolution
of fee disputes, such as
an arbitration or mediation
procedure established by the
bar, the lawyer must comply
with the procedure when it
is mandatory, and, even when
it is voluntary, the lawyer
should conscientiously consider
submitting to it. Law may
prescribe a procedure for
determining a lawyer's fee, for
example, in representation of an
executor or administrator, a
class or a person entitled
to a
reasonable fee as
part of the measure of
damages. The lawyer entitled
to such a fee and
a lawyer representing another
party concerned with the fee
should comply with the
prescribed procedure.
[9]
如果为解决律师费争议已设有程序，例如律师协会设立的仲裁或调解程序，如果属于强制性程序，律师必须遵守此等程序；即使是自愿性的程序，律师也应当认真考虑接受此等程序。法律可能规定了确定律师费数额的程序，例如在为遗嘱执行人或管理人提供的代理服务中，或者在为有权获得赔偿额的一定比例作为其合理律师费的群体或个人提供的代理服务中。有权获得此等律师费的律师以及代理与此等律师费有关的另一方当事人的律师应当遵守规定的程序。
Rule 1.6: Confidentiality of
Information
规则1.6：信息保密
(a) A lawyer shall not
reveal information relating to
the representation of a client
unless the client gives
informed consent, the
disclosure is impliedly authorized
in order to carry out the
representation or the disclosure
is permitted by paragraph
(b).
(a)
律师不得披露与客户代理工作有关的信息，除非该客户已给予知情同意，或者该披露是为执行代理工作而得到默示授权的，或者披露是下述（b）款允许的。
(b) A lawyer may reveal
information relating to the
representation of a client to
the extent the lawyer
reasonably believes necessary:
(1) to prevent reasonably certain
death or substantial bodily
harm;
(2) to prevent the client
from committing a crime or
fraud that is reasonably certain
to result in substantial injury
to the financial interests or
property of another and in
furtherance of which the client
has used or is using the
lawyer's services;
(3) to prevent, mitigate or
rectify substantial injury to
the financial interests or
property of another that is
reasonably certain to result or
has resulted from the client's
commission of a crime or
fraud in furtherance of
which the client has used
the lawyer's services;
(4) to secure legal advice
about the lawyer's compliance
with these Rules;
(5) to establish a claim
or defense on behalf of
the lawyer in a controversy
between the lawyer and the
client, to establish a defense
to a criminal charge or
civil claim against the lawyer
based upon conduct in which
the client was involved, or
to respond to allegations in
any proceeding concerning the
lawyer's representation of the
client; or
(6) to comply with other
law or a court
order.
(b)
律师可以在其合理相信为达到下述目的而必要的限度内披露与客户代理工作相关的信息：
(1) 为防止合理确定会发生的死亡或严重身体伤害；
(2) 为防止客户实施合理确定会导致另一方财产或经济利益严重损害的犯罪或欺诈，而且客户已经或正在利用律师的服务以实施犯罪或欺诈；
(3)
为防止、减轻或者纠正因客户实施犯罪或欺诈而合理确定会造成或已造成的另一方财产或经济利益的严重损害，而且客户已经利用律师的服务以实施犯罪或欺诈；
(4)
为获取关于律师是否遵守了本系列规则的法律咨询意见；
(5)
为在律师与客户的争议中为律师确立一项索赔或抗辩，为基于与客户相关的行为而对律师提起的刑事指控或民事索赔确立一项抗辩，或者为应对与客户代理工作相关的任何法律程序中针对律师的指控；
(6) 为遵守其他法律或法庭命令。
Comment - Rule
1.6
评注－规则1.6
[1] This Rule governs the
disclosure by a lawyer of
information relating to the
representation of a client
during the lawyer's representation
of the client. See
Rule 1.18 for
the lawyer's duties with respect
to information provided to the
lawyer by a prospective client,
Rule 1.9(c)(2) for
the lawyer's duty not to
reveal information relating to
the lawyer's prior representation
of a former client and
Rules 1.8(b) and
1.9(c)(1) for the
lawyer's duties with respect to
the use of such information
to the disadvantage of
clients and former
clients.
[1]
本规则适用于律师在代理客户期间与代理工作有关的信息披露。关于律师就潜在的客户向其提供的信息所承担的责任，请参见“规则1.18”；关于律师不得披露为以前的客户提供的代理服务有关的信息的责任，请参见“规则1.9(c)(2)”；关于律师为了客户和以前客户的利益而使用此等信息应承担的责任，请参见“规则1.8(b)和1.9(c)(1)”。
[2] A fundamental principle in
the client-lawyer relationship is
that, in the absence of
the client's
informed consent,
the lawyer must not reveal
information relating to the
representation. See Rule
1.0(e) for the definition
of informed consent. This
contributes to the trust that
is the hallmark of
the client-lawyer relationship. The
client is thereby encouraged to
seek legal assistance and to
communicate fully and frankly
with the lawyer even as
to embarrassing or legally
damaging subject matter. The
lawyer needs this information to
represent the client effectively
and, if necessary, to advise
the client to refrain from
wrongful conduct. Almost without
exception, clients come to
lawyers in order to determine
their rights and what is,
in the complex of laws
and regulations, deemed to be
legal and correct. Based upon
experience, lawyers know that
almost all clients follow the
advice given, and the law
is upheld.
[2]
客户－律师关系中的一项基本原则是，如果没有客户的知情同意，律师不得披露与代理工作有关的信息。关于知情同意的定义，请参见“规则1.0(e)”。该项原则有助于增进作为客户－律师关系标志的信任。这种信任关系鼓励客户寻求法律协助并充分和坦诚地与律师交流，即使是涉及令人尴尬的或者有法律破坏性的事项也不例外。律师需要这些信息以便为客户提供有效的代理服务并在必要时建议客户不要实施不合法的行为。几乎毫无例外的，客户来找律师的目的是要确定他们的权利以及在复杂的法律和法规框架下什么是合法和正确的。根据经验，律师知道几乎所有的客户都会听从所得到的建议，因而法律也得到了维护。
[3] The principle of
client-lawyer confidentiality is given
effect by related bodies of
law: the attorney-client privilege,
the work product doctrine and
the rule of confidentiality
established in professional ethics.
The attorney-client privilege and
work-product doctrine apply in
judicial and other proceedings
in which a lawyer may be
called as a witness or
otherwise required to produce
evidence concerning a client.
The rule of client-lawyer
confidentiality applies in situations
other than those where evidence
is sought from the lawyer
through compulsion of law. The
confidentiality rule, for example,
applies not only to matters
communicated in confidence by
the client but also to
all information relating to the
representation, whatever its source.
A lawyer may not disclose
such information except as
authorized or required by the
Rules of Professional Conduct or
other law. See also
Scope.
[3]
客户－律师保密原则得到了相关法律体系的确认，例如律师－当事人保密特权、工作成果原则以及职业道德规范确立的保密规则。律师－当事人保密特权和工作成果原则适用于有可能传唤律师出庭作证或者要求出具与客户有关的证据的司法程序和其他程序。而客户－律师保密规则适用于除通过法律强制向律师索取证据之外的其他情形。例如，保密规则不仅适用于客户秘密交流的事项，也适用于与代理工作有关的所有信息，而无论信息来源。律师不得披露此等信息，除非《职业行为规则》或者其他法律允许或要求披露。另请参见“范围”部分内容。
[4] Paragraph (a) prohibits a
lawyer from revealing information
relating to the representation
of a client. This prohibition
also applies to disclosures by
a lawyer that do not in
themselves reveal protected information
but could reasonably
lead to the
discovery of such information by
a third person. A lawyer's
use of a hypothetical to
discuss issues relating to the
representation is permissible so
long as there is no
reasonable likelihood that the
listener will be able to
ascertain the identity of the
client or the situation
involved.
[4]
(a)款禁止律师披露与代理客户工作有关的信息。该禁止性规定也适用于间接披露信息的情形，即律师虽未直接披露受保护的信息，但律师披露的信息合理预期能够导致第三人发现受保护的信息。律师可以使用假设情形来讨论与代理工作相关的问题，只要合理预期不存在信息接收者据以确认客户身份或相关情形的可能性即可。
Authorized Disclosure
授权披露
[5] Except to the extent
that the client's instructions
or special circumstances limit
that authority, a lawyer is
impliedly authorized to make
disclosures about a client when
appropriate in carrying out the
representation. In some situations,
for example, a lawyer may
be impliedly authorized to admit
a fact that cannot properly
be disputed or to make a
disclosure that facilitates a
satisfactory conclusion to a
matter. Lawyers in a
firm
may, in the course
of the firm's practice, disclose
to each other information
relating to a client of
the firm, unless the client
has instructed that particular
information be confined to
specified lawyers.
[5]
律师已获得默示授权可在执行代理工作的适当范围内披露信息，除非此等默示授权范围受到客户指示或特殊情势所施加的限制。在某些情形下，律师可能已获得默示授权承认一项无法正当辩驳的事实或者作出披露以促成某一事项的完满解决。在事务所中执业的律师可以相互披露与事务所的客户相关的信息，除非客户已指示要求特定信息的知悉范围限制在特定的律师之中。
Disclosure Adverse to
Client
不利于客户的信息披露
[6] Although the public interest
is usually best served by
a strict rule requiring lawyers
to preserve the confidentiality
of information relating to the
representation of their clients,
the confidentiality rule is
subject to limited exceptions.
Paragraph (b)(1) recognizes the
overriding value of life and
physical integrity and permits
disclosure
reasonably necessary
to prevent reasonably certain
death or substantial
bodily harm. Such
harm is reasonably certain to
occur if it will be
suffered imminently or if there
is a present and substantial
threat that a person will
suffer such harm at a
later date if the lawyer
fails to take action necessary
to eliminate the threat. Thus,
a lawyer who
knows that a
client has accidentally discharged
toxic waste into a town's
water supply may reveal
this information to the
authorities if there is a
present and substantial risk
that a person who drinks
the water will contract a
life-threatening or debilitating
disease and the lawyer's
disclosure is necessary to
eliminate the threat or reduce
the number of victims.
[6]律师严格遵守保密规则，保守与其客户代理工作相关信息的保密性，这通常是最有利于维护公共利益的。但是，保密规则也受制于几种有限的例外情形。(b)款第(1)项确认了生命和身体健全的更高价值，允许披露合理必要的信息以防止合理确定会发生的死亡或严重身体伤害事件。如果此等伤害事件很快就会发生，或者如果存在现时和严重的威胁，若律师不采取必要行动消除此等威胁就会导致某人在以后某个日期遭受此等伤害，则可以认定此等伤害合理确定会发生。因此，当律师获悉客户意外地将有毒废物排入了城镇的供水系统，如果存在这样一种现时和严重的危险，即饮用水的人会染上致命或致残的疾病，而且律师的披露是消除危险或减少受害者所必须的，则律师可以披露该信息。
[7] Paragraph (b)(2) is a
limited exception to the rule
of confidentiality that permits
the lawyer to reveal information
to the extent necessary to
enable affected persons or
appropriate authorities to prevent
the client from committing a
crime or
fraud, as defined
in Rule 1.0(d),
that is reasonably
certain to result in
substantial injury
to the financial or property
interests of another and in
furtherance of which the client
has used or is using the
lawyer's services. Such a
serious abuse of the
client-lawyer relationship by the
client forfiets the protection
of this Rule. The client
can, of course, prevent such
disclosure by refraining from
the wrongful conduct. Although
paragraph (b)(2) does not
require the lawyer to reveal
the client's misconduct, the
lawyer may not counsel or
assist the client in conduct
the lawyer knows is criminal
or fraudulent. See Rule
1.2(d), which
permits the lawyer, where the
client is an organization, to
reveal information relating to
the representation in limited
circumstances.
[7]
(b)款第(2)项是保密规则另一个有限的例外情形，它允许律师在必要的限度内披露信息以使得受影响的人或适当的权威机构能够防止客户实施犯罪或欺诈（如“规则1.0(d)”所定义者），如果此等犯罪或欺诈合理确定会导致另一方财产或经济利益严重损害，而且客户已经或正在利用律师的服务以实施犯罪或欺诈。客户如此滥用客－律师关系即丧失受保密规则保护的权利。当然，客户放弃不法行为的企图即可阻止律师作出此等信息披露。尽管(b)款第(2)项并不要求律师揭露客户的不当行为，但是律师不得在明知的情形下为客户提供法律咨询或者协助其实施犯罪或欺诈性行为。另请参见“规则1.2(d)”，该条款允许律师在有限的情形中披露与组织机构客户的代理工作有关的信息。
[8] Paragraph (b)(3) addresses
the situation in which the
lawyer does not learn of
the client's crime or
fraud until after
it has been consummated.
Although the client no longer
has the option of preventing
disclosure by refraining from
the wrongful conduct, there will
be situations in which the
loss suffered by the affected
person can be prevented,
rectified or mitigated. In such
situations, the lawyer may
disclose information relating to
the representation to the extent
necessary to enable the affected
persons to prevent or mitigate
reasonably certain
losses or to attempt to
recoup their losses. Paragraph
(b)(3) does not apply
when a person who has
committed a crime or fraud
thereafter employs a lawyer for
representation concerning that
offense.
[8] (b)款第(3)项涉及律师在事后获悉客户实施犯罪或欺诈的情形。虽然客户此时已无法选择放弃不法行为的企图而阻止律师披露，但会存在这种情形，即受影响的人所遭受的损失有可能被防止、纠正或减轻。在此种情形下，律师可以在必要的限度内披露与代理工作有关的信息，以便受影响的人能够防止或减轻合理确定会发生的损失或者努力弥补其损失。(b)款第(3)项并不适用于一个人在实施犯罪或欺诈后聘请律师就其违法犯罪行为提供代理服务的情形。
[9] A lawyer's confidentiality
obligations do not preclude a
lawyer from securing confidential
legal advice about the lawyer's
personal responsibility to comply
with these Rules. In most
situations, disclosing information to
secure such advice will be
impliedly authorized for the
lawyer to carry out the
representation. Even when the
disclosure is not impliedly
authorized, paragraph (b)(4) permits
such disclosure because of the
importance of a lawyer's
compliance with the Rules of
Professional Conduct.
[9]
律师的保密义务并不妨碍其获取有关其遵守本《规则》的个人责任的法律咨询意见。在大多数情形下，为获取此等咨询意见而披露信息属于执行代理工作的默示授权范围。即使此等信息披露并未获得默示授权，由于遵守《职业行为规则》的重要性，(b)款第(4)项也允许此等信息披露。
[10] Where a legal claim
or disciplinary charge alleges
complicity of the lawyer in
a client's conduct or other
misconduct of the lawyer
involving representation of the
client, the lawyer may respond
to the extent the
lawyer reasonably
believes necessary to
establish a defense. The
same is true with
respect to a claim involving
the conduct or representation of
a former client. Such a
charge can arise in a
civil, criminal, disciplinary or
other proceeding and can be
based on a wrong allegedly
committed by the lawyer against
the client or on a wrong
alleged by a third person,
for example, a person claiming
to have been
defrauded by the
lawyer and client acting
together. The lawyer's right to
respond arises when an assertion
of such complicity has been
made. Paragraph (b)(5) does not
require the lawyer to await
the commencement of an action
or proceeding that charges such
complicity, so that the defense
may be established by responding
directly to a third party
who has made such an
assertion. The right to defend
also applies, of course, where
a proceeding has been
commenced.
[10]
如果一项法律索赔或违规指控声称律师与客户有共谋行为或者律师有其他与代理工作相关的不当行为，律师可以在为确立一项抗辩而合理认为必要的限度内对此作出回应。对涉及过去客户的行为或代理工作的指控也是如此。此等指控可能起因于民事、刑事、纪律处分或其他程序，而且可能是基于律师据称对客户实施的不当行为或者基于第三人指控的不当行为，例如第三人指控律师与客户共谋对其实施了欺诈。律师针对此等共谋指控有作出回应的权利。(b)款第(5)项并不要求律师等待此等共谋指控的诉讼或程序启动，因此可以直接向有此等主张的第三方直接回应以进行抗辩。
[11] A lawyer entitled to
a fee is permitted by
paragraph (b)(5) to prove the
services rendered in an action
to collect it. This aspect
of the rule expresses the
principle that the beneficiary
of a fiduciary relationship may
not exploit it to the
detriment of the
fiduciary.
[11]
(b)款第(5)项允许有权收取律师费的律师在追索律师费的诉讼程序中证明已提供的服务。此等规定体现了这样的信托原则，即信托关系的受益人不得利用信托关系损害受托人的利益。（英美法中的信托关系是个外延广泛的概念，包括了律师－当事人关系，其中律师是受托人，客户是受益人，如果在上述情形中当事人以律师承担的保密义务为由不允许律师披露当事人信息以证明提供的服务，即出现了受益人利用信托关系损害受托人利益的情形——译者注）
[12] Other law may require
that a lawyer disclose
information about a client.
Whether such a law supersedes
Rule 1.6 is a question of
law beyond the scope of
these Rules. When disclosure of
information relating to the
representation appears to be
required by other law, the
lawyer must discuss the matter
with the client to the
extent required by Rule
1.4. If, however,
the other law supersedes this
Rule and requires disclosure,
paragraph (b)(6) permits the
lawyer to make such disclosures
as are necessary to comply
with the law.
[12]
其他法律可能要求律师披露有关某个客户的信息。此等法律规定是否优先于“规则1.6”的问题已超出本《规则》的范围。如果其他法律要求披露与代理工作有关的信息，律师必须在“规则1.4”要求的范围内与客户讨论该事项。但是，如果其他法律规定优先于本条规则而要求披露，(b)款第(6)项允许律师作出此等必要披露以遵守法律规定。
[13] A lawyer may be
ordered to reveal information
relating to the representation
of a client by a court
or by another tribunal or
governmental entity claiming authority
pursuant to other law to
compel the disclosure. Absent
informed consent of the client
to do otherwise, the lawyer
should assert on behalf of
the client all nonfrivolous
claims that the order is
not authorized by other law
or that the information sought
is protected against disclosure
by the attorney-client privilege
or other applicable law. In
the event of an adverse
ruling, the lawyer must consult
with the client about the
possibility of an appeal to
the extent required by
Rule 1.4. Unless
review is sought, however,
paragraph (b)(6) permits the
lawyer to comply with the
court's order.
[13]
律师披露与代理工作有关的信息可能是由于法庭或者其他声称根据其他法律规定有权强制披露的裁判机构或政府实体的命令。律师应当代理客户针对此等强制披露命令提出一切有实际意义的抗辩，主张此等命令并未得到其他法律规定的授权或者要求披露的信息受到律师－客户保密特权或者其他适用法律的保护。如果得到不利的裁决，律师必须在“规则1.4”要求的限度内与客户商讨上诉的可能性。但是(b)款第(6)项允许律师遵守法庭的命令，除非已就该命令申请复议。
[14] Paragraph (b) permits
disclosure only to the extent
the lawyer
reasonably believes
the disclosure is
necessary to accomplish one of
the purposes specified. Where
practicable, the lawyer should
first seek to persuade the
client to take suitable action
to obviate the need for
disclosure. In any case, a
disclosure adverse to the
client's interest should be no
greater than the lawyer
reasonably believes necessary to
accomplish the purpose. If the
disclosure will be made in
connection with a judicial
proceeding, the disclosure should
be made in a manner that
limits access to the information
to the tribunal or other
persons having a need to
know it and appropriate
protective orders or other
arrangements should be sought by
the lawyer to the fullest
extent practicable.
[14]
(b)款允许披露的信息范围以律师为实现规定的目的而合理认为必要为限。在可行的情况下，律师应当首先尽力说服客户采取适当行动，以使得律师没有必要进行披露。在任何情形下，有害于客户利益的信息披露范围都不应超过律师为实现披露目的而合理认为必要的限度。如果信息披露与一项司法程序相关联，则披露的方式应当使得可以接触信息的人员仅限于法庭人员或者其他有必要知悉信息的人员，而且律师应当在可行的最大限度内就披露的信息获取适当的保护命令或作出其他类似安排。
[15] Paragraph (b) permits but
does not require the disclosure
of information relating to a
client's representation to accomplish
the purposes specified in
paragraphs (b)(1) through (b)(6).
In exercising the discretion
conferred by this Rules, the
lawyer may consider such factors
as the nature of the
lawyer's relationship with the
client and with those who
might be injured by the
client, the lawyer's own
involvement in the transaction
and factors that may extenuate
the conduct in question. A
lawyer's decision not to
disclose as permitted by
paragraph (b) does not violate
this Rule. Disclosure may be
required, however, by other
Rules. Some Rules require
disclosure only if such
disclosure would be permitted by
paragraph (b). See
Rules
1.2(d), 4.1(b),
8.1
and 8.3.
Rule 3.3, on the other
hand, requires disclosure in
some circumstances regardless of
whether such disclosure is
permitted by this Rule. See
Rule
3.3(c).
[15]
(b)款允许但并不要求披露与客户代理相关的信息以实现(b)款第(1)至(6)项规定的目的。在行使本《规则》授予的自由裁量权时，律师可以考虑的因素包括：律师与客户以及可能受到客户伤害的其他人的关系的性质，律师自己对于交易事项的参与程度，以及可以减轻相关行为后果的因素。律师作出不进行(b)款允许的信息披露的决定并不违反本规则。但其他规则可能要求信息披露。有些规则仅要求在本条规则(b)款允许的情况下进行信息披露。请参见“规则1.2(d)、4.1(b)、8.1和8.3”。另一方面，“规则3.3”要求在某些情形下进行披露，而无论此等披露是否是本条规则所允许的。请参见“规则3.3(c)”。
Acting Competently to Preserve
Confidentiality
称职行事以保守秘密
[16] A lawyer must act
competently to safeguard information
relating to the representation
of a client against inadvertent
or unauthorized disclosure by
the lawyer or other persons
who are participating in the
representation of the client or
who are subject to the
lawyer's supervision. See
Rules 1.1,
5.1 and
5.3.
[16]
律师必须称职地行事，以防止律师自己或者其他参与客户代理工作或在律师监督下工作的人员因粗心大意而披露信息或者未经授权而披露信息。请参见“规则1.1、5.1和5.3”.
[17] When transmitting
a communication that includes
information relating to the
representation of a client, the
lawyer must take
reasonable precautions to prevent
the information from coming into
the hands of unintended
recipients. This duty, however,
does not require that the
lawyer use special security
measures if the method of
communication affords a reasonable
expectation of privacy. Special
circumstances, however, may warrant
special precautions. Factors to
be considered in determining the
reasonableness of the lawyer's
expectation of confidentiality include
the sensitivity of the
information and the extent to
which the privacy of the
communication is protected by
law or by a confidentiality
agreement. A client may require
the lawyer to implement special
security measures not required
by this Rule or may give
informed consent to the
use of a means of
communication that would otherwise
be prohibited by this
Rule.
[17]
在传送包含与客户代理相关的信息时，律师必须采取合理的预防措施以防止信息落入未预期的接收人手中。该项注意义务并不要求律师在合理预期能够提供隐私保护的通讯手段之外采取特殊的安全措施。但特殊情况下可能有必要采取特别的预防措施。在确定律师有关保密性的预期是否合理时，应考虑的因素包括信息的敏感性以及所采用的通讯方式的私密性是否受到法律或保密协议的保护。客户可以要求律师实施本条规则没有要求的特别安全措施，或者也可以对本规则本来禁止采用的通讯方式给予知情同意。
Former Client
以前的客户
[18] The duty of confidentiality
continues after the client-lawyer
relationship has terminated. See
Rule 1.9(c)(2). See
Rule 1.9(c)(1)
for the prohibition
against using such information
to the disadvantage of the
former client.
[18] 保密义务在客户-律师关系终止后继续有效。请参见“规则1.9(c)(2)”。关于禁止使用此等信息以损害以前客户利益的规定，请参见“规则1.9(c)(1)”。
