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构词法基础--Suffix—后缀篇

2008-04-04 13:47阅读：

http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/u/1308297553

Suffix—后缀篇
1. 名词词尾
1.1 表示”人”的名次词尾
1.1.1 –ain captain
1.1.2 –aire millionaire, billionaire
1.1.3 –an, ian –ean American, Asian, Indian, physician, vegetarian, European
1.1.4 –ant servant, peasant, tenant, immigrant, emigrant, assistant
1.1.5 –ar beggar, liar, scholar, burglar
1.1.6 –ard, -art coward, steward, wizard, braggart
1.1.7 –ary contemporary, secretary, functionary
1.1.8 –at
e advocate, candidate, delegate, private
1.1.9 –ee employee, trainee, trustee
1.1.10 –eer auctioneer, engineer, pioneer, volunteer
1.1.11 –en citizen, warden
1.1.12 –ent agent, client, resistant, student
1.1.13 –er customer, baker, barber, leader, gardener, lodger
1.1.14 –ese Chinese, Japanese, Portuguess
1.1.15 –ess actress, goddess, princess, stewardess
1.1.16 –eur amateur, connoisseur
1.1.17 –herd cowherd, shepherd
1.1.18 –ier cashier, financier, premier, soldier
1.1.19 –iff bailiff, plaintiff, sheriff
1.1.20 –ist scientist, artist, tourist
1.1.21 –ite laborite, Israelite
1.1.22 –ive captive, detective, native, operative, relative
1.1.23 –man, -sman salesman, policeman, postman, fisherman, gentleman, freshman
1.1.24 –on champion, companion, surgeon
1.1.25 –or, -our conqueror, governor, editor, neighbour
1.1.26 –ster gangster, songster, youngster, gamester
1.1.27 –y, -yer enemy, lady, lawyer, sawyer
1.2 表示”小”,”缩小”的名次词尾
1.2.1 –cle article, miracle, particle, vehicle
1.2.2 –el, -le model, vessel, bottle, riddle
1.2.3 –en, -in chicken, kitten, violin
1.2.4 –et, -ette blanket, cabinet, islet, tablet, ticket
1.2.5 –kin napkin, lambkin, manikin, cannikin, pumpkin
1.2.6 –let booklet, bullet, leaflet, hamlet
1.2.7 –ling darling, duckling, seedling, yearling
1.2.8 –ock bullock, hillock
1.2.9 –ule molecule
1.2.10 –ie, -y daddy, kitty, birdie
1.3 表示抽象名词词尾
1.3.1 –ace grimace
1.3.2 –ade arcade, decade
1.3.3 -age courage, damage, marriage, personage, shortage
1.3.4 –al approval, arrival, betrayal, denial, refusal, trial, survival
1.3.5 –ance, -ancy absence, allowance, confidence, excellence
1.3.6 –cy bankruptcy, fallacy
1.3.7 –dom freedom, wisdom
1.3.8 –hood, -head childhood, neighborhood, manhood, godhead(=godhood)
1.3.9 –ic(s) 学科类 logic, magic, music, physics, hysteric, lyric
1.3.10 –ice, -ise justice, service, treatise
1.3.11 –ing aging, bearing, calling, clothing, thanksgiving
1.3.12 –ion civilization, extension, protection
1.3.13 –ism, -asm communism, optimism, passivism, enthusiasm
1.3.14 –ment movement, achievement, arrangement, attachment
1.3.15 –ness adj.-->n. brightness, business, goodness, politeness
1.3.16 –o(u)r favor, endeavor, behavior, odor
1.3.17 –ry rivalry, mystery, misery, luxury, slavery
1.3.18 –ship friendship, championship, citizenship, scholarship, relationship
1.3.19 –t, -th flight, gift, theft, strength, youth
1.3.20 –ty loyalty, poverty, safety, anxiety, maturity, personality
1.3.21 –ure nature, mixture, furniture, creature
1.4 表示集合名词词尾
1.4.1 –age foliage(leaf集体名词)
1.4.2 –ary dictionary, vocabulary,
1.4.3 –ry poultry
1.5 表示地点的名词词尾
1.5.1 –ace furnace
1.5.2 –age village, cottage
1.5.3 –ary library
1.5.4 –dom kingdom, stardom, filmdom
1.5.5 –ery bakery, cemetery, gallery
1.5.6 –ory dormitory, factory, territory
1.5.7 –um aquarium, gymnasium, museum, sanatorium
1.5.8 –y abbey, county, balcony
2. 形容词词尾
2.1 –able, -ible hospitable, imaginable, horrible, incredible, possible
2.2 –al, -ial brutal, eternal, mortal, aerial
2.3 –an, -ian European, suburban, Egyptian
2.4 –ant, -ent brilliant, excellent, tolerant
2.5 –ar circular, familiar, muscular, polar
2.6 –ary customary, imaginary, necessary, voluntary
2.7 –ate, -ete, -ute accurate, considerate, complete, minute
2.8 –ese Chinese
2.9 –fold twofold
2.10 –ful awful, handful, fateful, careful
2.11 –ic alcoholic, athletic, atomic, automatic
2.12 –ical logical, biological, chemical
2.13 –id humid, solid, timid, vivid
2.14 –ile facile, fertile, fragile
2.15 –ine feminine,
2.16 –ing amazing, crying, interesting
2.17 –ior superior, senior, junior, inferior
2.18 –ique, -esque antique
2.19 -ish childish, bookish, selfish
2.20 –ite favorite, polite
2.21 –ive aggressive, defective, exclusive
2.22 –less shameless, harmless, noiseless
2.23 –like childlike, ladylike, womanlike
2.24 –ly costly, cowardly, friendly
2.25 –most almost, foremost, utmost
2.26 –ory (用在s和t后面) compulsory, contradictory, satisfactory
2.27 –ous cautious, gorgeous, serious
2.28 –proof waterproof, windproof, fireproof
2.29 –some handsome, awesome, wholesome
2.30 –ward awkward, backward, eastward
2.31 –y bloody, cloudy, icy, greedy, foggy
3. 副词词尾
3.1 –ence hence, whence, thence
3.2 –ling, -long darkling, flatling, sideling, sidelong
3.3 –ly actually, shortly
3.4 –s besides, needs, nowadays, indoors,
3.5 –ward(s) forwards, eastwards
3.6 –way(s), -wise always, anyway, crosswise, likewise, otherwise
4. 动词词尾
4.1 –ate hesitate, celebrate
4.2 –en widen, broaden, fasten
4.3 –er chatter, glitter
4.4 –(i)fy purify, clarify, classify
4.5 –ish polish, cherish, banish, diminish, punish
4.6 –ize, ise civilize, organize, specialize
4.7 –le 反复的动作 dazzle, sparkle, twinkle

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