2016年6月大学英语四级快速阅读真题及答案
2016-06-18 14:55阅读：
Section B
Directions: In this section, you
are going to read a passage with
ten statements
attached to
it. Each statement contains
information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph
from which the information is derived.
You may choose a paragraph more than
once. Each paragraph is marked
with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding
letter on Answer Sheet
2.
Finding the Right Home—and Contentment,
Too
[A] When your elderly
relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a
moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you
w
ould like is to have everything made clear.
[B] Does assisted living
really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the
industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes
as bad as people fear, or is that
an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)? Can doing one’s homework really steer families
to the best places? It is genuinely hard to
know.
[C] I am about to make
things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an
older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And
that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin
the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to
the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the
quality of care, let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy
environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But
an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions
between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing
on how well residents do.
[D]The most recent of these studies, published in
The journal of Applied Gerontology,
surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living, nursing
homes and smaller residential care homes (known in some states as
board and care homes or adult care homes). Researchers from the
University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large
number of questions about their quality of life, emotional
well-being and social interaction, as well as about the quality of
the facilities.
[E]“We thought we would see differences based on the housing
types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an
associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable
assumption—don’t families struggle
to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they
can’t?
[F] In the initial results, assisted living residents did
paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report
symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for
instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher
on social interaction.
[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other
variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing
type, they found, that creates differences in residents’ responses.
“It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in,
combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they
feel they are, their age and
marital status,” Dr. Robison
explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move
and how long they had lived there also proved
significant.
[H] An elderly person who describes herself
as in poor health, therefore,
might be no less depressed in assisted living
(even if her children preferred it) than
in a nursing home. A person who bad input into
where he would move and has had time to
adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small
residential care home, other factors being
equal. It is an interaction between the
person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads
to better or worse experiences. “You can’t just say, ‘Let’s put
this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing
home—she will be much better off,” Dr. Robison said. What matters,
she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and
what they find there.”
[I] Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have
surfaced before. In a multi-state study
of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina
researchers found that a host of variables—the facility’s type,
size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the
neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the
residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline,
hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the
residents’ physical health and mental status. What people were like
when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one
they were there.
[J] As I was considering all this, a press release from a
respected research firm crossed my desk, announcing that the
five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help
families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship
to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a
matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the
one-star facilities, the lowest rated,
than with the five-star ones. (More on this study and the star
ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)
[K] Before we collectively tear our
hair out—how are we supposed to find our
way in a landscape this confusing?—here is a thought from Dr.
Philip Sloane, a geriatrician（老年病学专家）at the University
of North Carolina：“In a way, that could be liberating for
families.”
[L] Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the
facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other
families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But
perhaps they don’t have to turn themselves into private
investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a
bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr. Sloane said. And
involving the future resident in the process can be very
important.
[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our
parents happiness. They have their ideas, too. A friend recently
took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home
near my town. I have seen this place—it is elegant, inside and out.
But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived,
though the visit had been planned; nobody introduced them to the
other residents. When they had lunch in the dining room, they sat
alone at a table.
[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there,
and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility.
Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might
have been as rational a way as any to reach a
decision.
36. Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place
other than a nursing home for their parents.
37.Though it helps for children to investigate care
facilities, involving their parents in the decision-making process
may prove very important.
38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is
better than a nursing home.
39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between
themselves and the care facility they live in.
40.The author thinks her friend made a rational
decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently
elegant assisted living home.
41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality
is of little help to finding a satisfactory place.
42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found
residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on
social interaction.
43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less
important than we think.
44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an
earlier multi-state study of
assisted living.
45.A resident’s satisfaction with a care facility has much to
do with whether they had participated
in the decision to move in and how long they had
stayed there.
参考答案：
36. 正确选项 E
37. 正确选项 L
38. 正确选项 B
39. 正确选项 H
40. 正确选项 N
41. 正确选项 J
42. 正确选项 F
43. 正确选项 C
44. 正确选项 I
45. 正确选项 G
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