谈定语从句中的关系代词可换与不可换
2008-06-05 11:09阅读：
谈定语从句中的关系代词可换与不可换
请看下面这道选择题：I have told everything ________ I
know to you． A．what B．that
C．which D．who
本题考查的是定语从句关系代词的用法。关系代词that，which和who引导定语从句时，在句中的职能和意义彼此相通：即which用来指物，who用来指人，that即可指物，也可指人。指物时，which和that有时可以互换；指人时，who和that有时可以互换，但在下列情况下却不能互换：
1．如果定语从句所修饰的词是指物的不定代词时，用that不用which。故此，本题答案应选B（that），不选C（which）。也就是说，在本题中，that与which不能互换。但是指人的不定代词用that或who皆可。例如：
They will punish（惩罚）anybody
that／who cut down young
trees．
2．当定语从句所修饰的词有限定的修饰词时，必须用which或who，不能用that。例如：（1）April
1st is the day which is
called April Fool's Day in
the west． (2) I know the
detective who successfully saved
the little boy in the
accident．
3．当定语从句所修饰的那个词是数词或所修饰的那个名词有一个数词作定语时，一般用that，不用which。例如：The
two
books
that
I
bought
yesterday
are
English
novels．
4．在only，no，any，little，much，all之后，以及先行词带有最高级修饰语时，一般多用that不用which，但all指人时，用who不用that。例如：
(1)This
is
the
only
book
that
we
can
borrow．
（2）That
is
the
best
film
that
I
have seen
so
far．
（3）The
book
contains
much／little
that
is
useful．（4）All
who
know
him
like
him
very
much． （5）Say
all
that
you
know．
5．that不能像which，whom那样放在介词之后，而必须将介词调到句末。例如： （1）The
man
that／who
you
talked
with yesterday
is
my
uncle．或The
man
with
whom
you
talked
yesterday
is
my
uncle． （2）This
is
the
cage in
which
Polly
lives．或This
is
the
cage
that／which
Polly
lives
in．
6．人和物并列作先行词时，在the
same，the
very，the
last和序数词之后时，常用that，一般不用which或who。例如： （1）She
was
the
first／the
last
students
that
came this
morning．
（2）He
made
a
speech
on
the
men
and
things
that
he
had
seen
in
Canada． (3) Looking
at
the
man
and
his
donkey
that
are
walking
up
the
street．
(4)This
is
the
same
pen
that
I
lost
yesterday． （5）This
is
the
very
book
that
I
have
been looking
for．
7．前面有who，which，what等疑问代词时，定语从句的关系代词应用that，不用who或which。例如：（1）Who
is
the
man that
is
standing
by
the
door？ （2）Who
that
has
such
a
home
does
not
love
it？
（3）Which
is
the
dog that
you
lost
yesterday？ （4）What
that
you
say
does
not
interest
him？
8．先行词为that，those指物时，关系代词用which。those指人时，关系代词用who，that皆可。例如：（1）Please
show
me that
which
you
bought
yesterday． （2）That
which
you
borrowed
from
me
wasn't
a
real
diamond
necklace．（3）They
are
those
who／that
we
love．
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