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完形填空题命题思路分析与解题技巧

2011-05-29 19:28阅读:
完形填空题命题思路分析

一、体裁、题材多样,考查学生涉猎各种信息的能力
体载有记叙文、议论文等,题材涉及到趣味故事、幽默小品、科普知识、日常生活、人物小记、社会话题等。
尽管体裁、题材多样,但所选的短文不长,一般在职100——150词之间,而且短文情节连贯,层次分明,线索不复杂,一篇短文重点叙述一种观点,几个小段落可集中表达一个主题。中考英语完形填空题如此选材的目的是考查学生是否有阅读各种体裁、题材文章的能力以及涉猎各种信息的能力。
二、侧重整体理解,考查学生快速阅读能力
完形填空题实际上是恢复原貌式的阅读理解题,各种短文结构严谨,段落清楚,而且首句一般不挖空,便于学生依据首句提示进行整体理解。解答完形填空题要求学生具备快速阅读的各种能力和技巧,如视读、跳读、查读、猜词等。
三、侧重基础知识,考查学生语言知识的掌握能力。
完形填空题以文入手,结合文章内容考查学生的基础语言知识,主要是考查学生词语搭配,近义词辩异,正确辨析句子结构,掌握语法规则的能力。
【例1
(2003安徽)
His friend __D__the engine(发动机) and the plane began to move.
A. began B. carried C. moved D. started
【例2】(2001福建)
Mr Green __C____ his children that Father Christmas is a very kindhearted man.
A. asks B. talks C. tells D. says
【例3】(2001河北)
John sent for a doctor because his wife was ill. He called the doctor and made sure they ___C__ meet at five.
A. should B. shall C. would D. will
四、上下对照,考查学生捕捉关键词的能力
完形填空题设计时,有时单看一句是得不出正确答案的,需要阅读下句、甚至若干句后才有茅塞顿开之感。上下对照,即在上文或下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。学生在答题中要有边读边在大脑中储存上下信息的能力,捕捉关键词。
【例1】(2003安徽)
First they wash their __B___ hands in a bowl of waterthey only eat with right hands.
A. dirty B. right C. left D. big
【例2】(2001北京海淀区)
I really do make a living by __A___ ,and a good one ,too. I can laugh like a king or like a school bay.
A. laughing B. writing C. speaking D. working
【例3】(2002安徽)
Mr Baker loved planting __D___ . The week before last, he bought a few trees home..
A. flowers B. grass C. vegetables D. trees
五、设置语境,考查学生的分析推理能力
完形填空题中,有时答题无上下对照的关键词作参考,而是考查学生要分析前后语境去推理出正确答案。在这种试题中,四个选项填入句中语法、句子结构都正确,但分析前后语境,只有一个正确答案。
【例1】(2001北京东城区)
The father wolf got food for the mother. The young wolf __D___ the children. They were a nice, happy family!
A. shouted at B. looked into C. laughed at D. played with
【例2】(2001上海市)
It s a beautiful place. I was always very __D___ there.
A. busy B .interested C. healthy D. happy
六、结合生活,考查学生利用常识解题的能力
完形填空题中,有时命题者在完形填空题中考查学生的生活常识,看看学生是否能善于观察生活,积累生活常识,能否利用常识去做出恰当的选择。这类题的设计,四个选项放入句中语法、句子结构都正确,而且不一定需要上下联系,而是依据常识解答。
【例1】(2001北京海淀区)
When someone asks me what business I am in ,my face feels __C___.
A. warm B. cool C. hot D. cold
【例2】(2001北京宣武区)
One afternoon just before Christmas an old man was walking through the city center. The shops were all filled with good things and crowded with _B____ shoppers.
A. angry B. cheerful C. sad D. surprised
【例3】(2001安徽)
Children in the U.S. Will __A___ their parents home when they grow up.
A. leave B. reach C. love D. hate
七、关注连词,考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力
从近几年中考英语完形填空题的分析来看,命题者有时就有关连词进行挖空,以此来考查学生通过阅读能否理解句与句之间的关联关系,是否了解行文逻辑的要求,能否掌握因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等连词的用法。
【例1】(2003安徽)
They are served in bowls which everyone shares(共享), __B____ each person has their own bowl of rice.
A. because B. though C. since D. until
【例2】(2002安徽)
Parents now spend more time in the office, __D___ they don

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