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读贾平凹先生的《浮躁》

2021-06-09 15:59阅读：

http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/u/1337385227

读贾平凹先生的《浮躁》

民族价值的贬值，导致了对个人‘自我价值’的呐喊、追求，但对个性的追求是有个临界点的，如果超过了这个临界点，以强烈自卑为基础的对自我价值的强调和追求，推到极致便是自我价值的完全丧失 。
——贾平凹
贾平凹先生创作于改革开放初期（1987年）的《浮躁》Turbulence有不少令人深思的话，一本三十多年前的小说，现在读来依旧“有味”，说明了什么？所以没有必要喊叫一个作家该写什么或不该写什么，时间会证明一切
的。
《浮躁》也是贾平凹先生第一部被翻译成英文的长篇小说，并荣获 1988 年第八届美国美孚飞马文学奖（The Pegasus Prize Literature），小说的英文译者是美国赫赫有名的中国文学翻译专家葛浩文先生（Howard Goldblatt）。录《浮躁》中的几段与大家一起重温，并附上葛先生的英译文。

因为对于一个心理偏狭的人来说，他大都是患得又患失的，成功了，虚荣心更强，只要有一点点挫折，一天到晚就要疑神疑鬼，认为别人设了圈套让自己钻。而失败了，那更无法容忍，时时刻刻都只想复仇…”
because people with a narrow view of things only worry about personal gains and losses. If they are successful, they're proud of themselves, but minor setbacks make them paranoid, convinced that others are out to get them, failure is the hardest thing for them to beat, and all they can think about is revenge . . .

在我接触的一些人身上，总是怎么也不如意，怎么也不合适，甚至总有一种复仇欲，但到底向谁复仇，他自己心里也不清楚，实际上就是毫无对象，也要恨，要憎，要报复。只有让这种浮躁不安的情绪狠狠发泄上一次，他的心灵似乎才能得到片刻的安宁。这种人是时时需要—种‘强刺激’！”
In the course of this tour, I've run into plenty of people who fall into the category of the socially disaffected. Nothing pleases them, nothing seems right. I often detect a desire for revenge, although even they don't know whom they want to seek revenge against. In fact, there isn't anyone. They just have a need to hate, to despise, to exact revenge. The only way they can secure a measure of peace is to release the turbulence inside them in some violent way. People like that are in constant need of a powerful stimulant.'

民族价值的贬值，导致了对个人‘自我价值’的呐喊、追求，但对个性的追求是有个临界点的，如果超过了这个临界点，以强烈自卑为基础的对自我价值的强调和追求，推到极致便是自我价值的完全丧失 。
The devaluation of a people results in the celebration and nurturing of self-worth by individuals. But there's a critical point in the pursuit of individuality that, if passed in chasing a sense of self-worth founded on a collective inferiority complex, is the gateway to a complete loss of the very sense of self-worth sought.

中国历史上长期是封闭式的封建主义国家，解放以来虽然是社会主义性质，但封建主义沉淀的东西太深太厚，现在一经脱离这种封闭状态，经受商品经济的刺激而获得活力，这就像浪潮一样，一下子冲开传统生活的堤岸，向新的天地奔腾而去。在变革中，人的主体意识大大觉醒了。一些人认识到了自己的存在和价值，而同时他自身的素质太差，这就容易使他把方向搞错，把路子走歪，这也就是之所以有人为了自己挣钱而不惜任何手段去坑集体，坑国家。
China has a long feudal history, which has isolated her in the world. That changed at Liberation, when we became a socialist country, but features of feudalism remain deeply implanted in our society. We've worked hard to break free of our isolationist mentality, and a market economy has breathed new life into the people. It's like a wave crashing over the dike of tradition and spreading out in new directions. During the transformation, people's consciousness has emerged from hibernation. More and more people have become aware of their own significance and worth, but since they're adjusting to a new way of thinking, it's all too easy for them to be lured in the wrong direction and to go astray. That's why some people work only to enrich themselves, giving no thought to how they do it, even if it means cheating the collective and the country at large.

但是我们这个民族有它自身的先天不足，正常的兴奋转化成病态的亢奋，自信便化为无知的枉热。一九五七年的失误，一九五八年的挫折，——九五九年的持续亢奋，一直到了十年‘文化大革命’。现在—旦睁开眼，看看世界．人家早已把我们甩下了整整—个世纪，心灵的觉醒就转化成心理的失重，虚妄的自尊逆转为沉重的自卑，固此狂躁不安，烦乱不已，莫衷一是，一切像是堕入五里雾中，一切都不信任，一切都怀疑，人人都要顽强地表现自己的主体意识，强调自我的存在，觉得怎么也不合适，怎么也不舒服，虚妄的理想主义摇身一变成最近视的实用主义。
But our race is beset by an inherent failing, that of invariably transforming normal enthusiasm into abnormal stimulation, and of turning our confidence into irrational fanaticism. The mistakes of 1957, the setbacks of 1958, the sustained fanaticism of 1959, and the ten years of the Cultural Revolution are 'prime examples of that. Now that we've opened our eyes and taken a hard look at the world, we can see that we've fallen behind at least a century, but this awakened realization holds no psychological advantage for us, for our baseless national self-adulation has turned into a deep-seated national inferiority complex. So we've grown restless and comfused, unable to decide what to do, as though we were in a fog five li thick. We trust nothing, we doubt everything, and everybody fights to display his own subjective consciousness, placing the emphasis on his own personal interests. Nothing seems right, nothing gives a sense of comfort, and in a flash what was once an unfounded idealism is transformed into nearsighted utilitarianism.'

大空说：“鸡不尿尿，它自有出路呀，官场上你倾诈我，我倾轧你才能当官，你起早贪黑看书写文章来作记者，我有什么，我不这样，怎么出人头地？我也思想了，于这事终有露馅的时候，所以我留有这个清单，到时候了，要倒一起倒，这就是抱个炸药包，我把我腿拴在他们腿上，炸药包子响了就同归于尽！”
'Chickens don't piss,' Dakong said, 'but the stuff gets out somehow. Official circles are involved in constant infighting. You became a reporter because you love to read and write. But what about me? How am I supposed to make my mark? Don't think I haven't considered the risks. That's why I've kept this record. When the day comes, we'll all go down together if necessary. This is my little cache of dynamite. By wrapping my legs around theirs, I'll take them with me when it goes off.'
小水确实是剪不断理还乱那—脉情思啊，虽然金狗离开她走了，将永远属于另一个女人了，但她怀念着往昔的情谊。这情意有什么错吗？它是纯洁的，真挚的，常忆常新的．似乎就是她从此以后漫长的人生旅途上的一袋干粮，永远值得咀嚼！让金狗再全心全意地来爱她已不可能，且这种奢望在小水看来己近于荒唐甚至可耻，但是她愈来愈多的体会是，被别人爱是—种幸福，而爱别人则是一种更长久无限的幸福！她偷偷给金狗写过三封信，却一封信也未寄出，只是在过着一种将痛苦泡制成幸福的单相思的日子。
She (Water Girl) never could abandon her love for him, even though he'd left her for another woman. How could she? Her feelings were so pure, so sincere, always renewing themselves. They would always be there to sustain her. Since he could never love her again, some might say she was foolish, maybe even shameless, yet she'd come to realize what a joy it is to be loved by someone, and to return that love. She wrote him three letters, but didn’t mail them. Even her lovesick anguish filled her with a sense of joy.

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