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宾语从句教学三步曲

2011-04-11 18:10阅读：

http://blog.sina.cn/dpool/blog/u/1346060305

《新目标英语》八年级下册第四单元的title是He said I was hard-working，也就是宾语从句的教学。我们经常在教学宾语从句时感到无从下手，不知从哪切入，也不知如何调动学生的学习积极性。 根据自己所带班级学生的情况（学生整体基础有点差，学生不懂“宾语”这个概念），我用一组例句让先让学生明白宾语的含义，以及在句中哪些词可以充当宾语：
We speak English. (名词作宾语)
My parents love me.(代词作宾语)
I like reading magazines.(动名词作宾语)
He wants to sing an English song.(动词不定式作宾语)
r> 再用学生刚学过的一个句型导入宾语从句。
I think (that ) there will be more pollution in the future.(主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语)
这只是教学宾语从句之前的准备。接下来，我分三步教学宾语从句：

一、先问学生一些问题, 再问其他的学生“what does he/she say?” “What did he/she say?”,最好问一些有趣的问题，或找一些他们喜欢的歌星或影星，让学生谈论他们的饮食起居，如“I know (that)Wei Chen is a popular singing star”.Yao Ming says (that) he is 2.26m tall.
学生很容易就说出了一些宾语从句的句型，尽管有的学生在说的过程中不大注意宾语从句的时态问题，但这并不影响他们把自己的思想传递给大家，也未影响到大家对他们的理解，语言在这一活动中发挥了交流的功能作用。
接下来做一些操练，引导学生去掉引号，顺便告诉学生什么是直接引语，什么是间接引语。
1. “I am in No 6 Middle School.” He says.
2. “They are having a class.” They say.
3. “He can drive a car.” He says.
4. “We will get to the station in an hour.” She says.
5. “She studies at college.” She says.
接着，将主句的谓语动词变成过去时said。这一环节是主要帮学生理解宾语从句中的时态问题：当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句可以用所需要的各种时态；当主句的谓语动词是过去时，从句的谓语动词则要用过去时的某种时态, 时态的变化如下：
一般现在时-----一般过去时
现在进行时-----过去进行时
一般将来事-----过去将来时
现在完成时-----过去将来时
一般过去时-----过去完成时
二、宾语从句中的语序问题对学生来讲是个难点，首先引导学生将下列一般疑问句还原成陈述句：
1. Do you study hard every day?----I study hard every day.
2. Can you fly a kite?
3. Are you running along the river?
4. Will you work in another city?
5. Have you finished reading the book?
6. Do you want to be a reporter in the future?
接着教学if引导的宾语从句，“Do you study hard every day?”-----
He asks me if/whether I study hard every day.
He asked me if/whether I studied hard every day.
用这种方法教学宾语从句的语序，学生很容易掌握。

三、第三步主要让学生掌握，who、what、when、where、how等引导的宾语从句，有了前两步的教学，这一类宾语从句不会太难。
1..“Who are you waiting for?” Lucy asked.----
Lucy asked me who I was waiting for.
2. .“Where does he live?” Lucy asked.----
Lucy asked where he lived.
3. .“How long have you taught in this school?” Lucy asked.
Lucy asked him how long he had taught in this school.
4. .“When will your uncle get back from London?” Lucy asked.
Lucy asked her when her uncle would get back from London.
5. .“How can I get to the zoo?” Could you tell me?
Could you tell me how I can get to the zoo?
6. .“What can I do for you ?” Lucy asked.
Lucy asked me what she could do for me.
但在这里很有必要提醒学生，有一类特殊疑问句的语序与陈述句相同，不用考虑语序的变化，只需要注意时态的变化：
What’s wrong with the machine?----
He asked what was wrong with the machine.
让学生实战练习：
What happened last night?
How many people went there?
Which book is yours?
Who knows the answer?
在此基础上，再补充一例句，让学生了解: 当转述客观真理时，时态常用一般现在时，如：
“The moon goes round the earth.”-----
Our geography told us that the moon goes round the earth.
再讲解直接引语变成间接引语时，连词、语序、时态和人称的变化。
now then
this that
these those
today that day
here there
tomorrow the next day
yesterday　　　 the day before
bring　　　　 take
让学生当堂积累之后，告诉学生，直接引语转换成间接引语时，应该视实际情况而定，假如就在当天转述，today, tomorrow, yesterday等就不需要变化。
至此，可以继续教学：直接引语如果是祈使句，怎么样变成间接引语，还得提醒学生这样的间接引语不是宾语从句。“Open the door, please.”---Peter told/asked me to open the door.
这三步，分别让学生了解了宾语从句所涉及到的引导词、语序和时态的问题。最后，可以设计一些综合训练题：
“I live in HK.” He told me.
“I can’t ride a motorbike.” Mike said.
“Will you go to the cinema with me?” Lily asked him.
“Where do you study?” I asked Jim.
.“What’s happening?” The policeman wanted to know.
“Light travels much faster than sound.” Mr. Zeng said.
经过这些训练之后，学生较为全面地掌握了宾语从句,当然也很自然地了解了直接引语和间接引语。
在宾语从句教学设计过程中，要尽可能考虑学生情感在教学中的运用，找一些他们感兴趣的话题，要设法让学生在快乐的环境下学习，充分地调动学生的情感因素，当然也不能单纯的追求快乐而忽视学生对知识的掌握和能力的培养。所以还应适时地补充一些练习，强调对知识的掌握。

2011年4月11日

宾语从句专项练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said __that_____ these flowers ___are____ from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me __that___ light __travels_____ faster than sound.
3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know __that___ there _would____ __be__ a meeting in five days.
4．Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know ___if___ ___they____ ___can____ ___speak____ French.
5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me __if____ the children __are____ _playing_____ games.
6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang __if__ ___he__ __had__ __ed__ __his_ homework yet.
7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
Who knows ___how___ __many___ __people___ ___you_ ___can__ ___see___ in the picture?
8．Where did she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know __where___ ___she__ __parked__ her car?
9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.
The girl wondered __what___ __he___ often ____talked____ about.
10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know _who___ ___knocked____ at the door so loudly.
11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.
I don't know __if____ he still ____lives___ in that street.
12. What's his name? I asked him.
I asked him what __his___ __name___ __was___.
13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.
Please tell me __when______ ____the_____ ___train_____ ___arrives______.
14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.
He asked the boys ___if____ they __wanted____ fried chicken.
15. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.
I don't know ___if____ the watch ___was____ made in Shanghai.
二、选择填空。
( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it
C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring
( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon
C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry
( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost
C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car
( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.
A. whether he has finished reading the book
B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris
( )5. Could you tell me ___________?
　 A. where do you live 　 B. who you are waiting for
　 C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
　 A. why she left 　 B. why did she leave
　 C. why she had left　 D. why had she left
( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
　 A. rise 　B. rose 　C. rises 　D. had risen
( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.
A. why did he get B. why he gets C. why does he get D. why he got
( )9. The manager came up to see __________.
　 A. what was the matter 　B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is D. what's the matter
( )10. He asked his father _______.
　 A. where it happens B. where did it happen
　 C. how it happened D. how did it happen
( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
　 A. how we should do B. what should we do
　 C. how to do it D. what to do it
( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
　 A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking
( )13.They don't know _______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
( )14. ─Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set?
─ Sorry, I've no idea.
　 A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought
( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.
　 A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another
( )16. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA.
　 A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone
　 C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone
( )17. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.
　 ─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.
　 A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain
　 C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains
( )18. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.
　 A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive
C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives
( )19.Miss Liu said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster’s desk.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
( )20. He asked me _______.
A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup
B. when was the APEC meeting held
C. when China became a member of the WTO
D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held
( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper ______ Who Moved My Cheese was an
interesting book.
A. that B. how C. what D. if
( )22. You must remember _______.
A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say
C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said
( )23. I don’t know ______ .
A. which room I can live B. which room can I live
C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in
( )24.－－Do you know when he ______ back ?
－－Sorry , I don’t . When he _______back , I’ll tell you .
A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come
C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come
( )25 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
( )26 Mary said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
( )27 The students want to know whether they___ a PE class today.
A. had B. has C. will have D. are
( )28. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
( )29.I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
( )30. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
三、用合适的连接词填空。
1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）
2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)
7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)
8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what)
9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)
10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what)
四、句型转换。
1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)→
Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it.
2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） →
I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） →
　 Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.
4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） →
　 I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.
5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句)
五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.
2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?
3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?
4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer.
5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday.
6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work).
7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.
8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain.
9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him.
10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.
参考答案：
一、1.that, were 2.that, travels 3.that, would be 4.if/whether they can speak 5.if/whether, are playing 6.if/whether he had finished his 7. how many people you can see 8.where she parked 9.what he, talked 10.who knocked 11.if/whether, lives 12.his name was 14.if/whether, wanted 15.if/whether, was
二、1—5: DDDBB 6—10:ACDBC 11—15:CCBAD 16—20:BCDAC 21—25:DACCA 26—30:DCCBA
三、1.why 2.who 3.that 4.how 5.how soon 6.whether 7.whether 8.what 9.why 10.what
四、1.if/whether he wanted 2.don’t think, is 3.which trousers she can 4.how to get 5.will they
五、1.will go 2.was 3. is 4.would 5.swam 6.works
7.had finished 8.hike 9.helped 10.to go

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