V-ing 形式用作定语和宾语补足语
2009-04-30 20:53阅读:
V-ing 形式用作定语和宾语补足语
我们都知道,动词按照功能分类,可分为谓语动词(在句中作谓语)和非谓语动词(在句中不能单独作谓语)。本单元我们重点讲解非谓语动词之中的“V.
–ing作定语和宾语补足语”。现归纳总结如下:
一、V. –ing作定语:
1. 单个的 V.–ing 作定语时,通常放在名词之前,作前置定语,细分为:
1). 表用途的叫动名词,如:
①.a swimming pool (= a pool which is for swimming) 游泳池
②.a reading room (= a room for reading) 阅览室
③.working method (= method of working) 工作方法
2). 表主谓关系的叫现在分词,如:
①.a swimming boy (= a boy who is swimming) 一个正在游泳的男孩
②.falling leaves (= leaves that are falling) 飘落的叶子
③.laughing people (= people who are laughing) 大笑的人们
2. 单个的 V.–ing 作定语时,如强调动作时也可放置在名词之后,作后置定语,如:
①.All the people watching clapped.
观看的人们都鼓掌祝贺。
②.Most of the people singing were students.
唱歌的大部分人是学生。
③.Any person objecting must write down his name on the paper.
反对的人一定要把名字写在纸上。
3. V.–ing 的短语作
定语时,通常放在名词之后,作后置定语,这时相当一个省略的定语从句,
它又可细分为:
1).现在分词短语作后置定语,可表示进行动作,变定语从句时,多用进行时。如:
①.The American president visiting (= who is visiting) China now
will
return on Sunday.
正在中国访问的美国总统将在周日回国。
②.Did you tell the children playing (= who were playing) there not
to
make any noise?
你没告诉在那里玩的男孩别发出任何声响?
2).现在分词短语作后置定语,还可表示经常性动作或现在(当时)的状态,变定语从句时,
多用一般时。如:
①.The temple standing (= which stands) on top of the hill was built
in
the 1780's.
山顶上的寺庙是十八世纪八十年代建造的。
②.The lake lying (= which lies) on the west of Hangzhou is called
the
West Lake.
位于杭州西边的湖叫西湖。
3). 现在分词短语作后置定语,如同被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系,又表示该动作正在进行时,
用现在分词的被动形式“being
done”,变定语从句时,多用进行时的被动语态。如:
①.The bike being repaired (= that is being repaired) now is
mine.
现在正被修的自行车是我的。
②.The building being built (= which is being built) now will be our
lab.
现在正被盖的楼房将是我们的实验室。
二、V. –ing作宾语补足语:
为了使句子的意思完整。英语中有些及物动词后除了要求跟有宾语外,还要求跟有宾语补足语
(简称为宾补)。宾语和宾补一起被叫做复合宾语。用现在分词作宾语补足语,强调的是宾补
的动作正在发生或延续。能接现在分词作宾补的动词有两类:一类是感觉动词,如: feel,
hear, listen to, see, look at, notice, watch, observe, catch, find
等。
另一类是使役动词,如: have, get, leave, keep, start, send, set 等。
1. 当宾语和宾补逻辑上是主谓关系时,用现在分词的主动形式“doing”,构成的句型是:
V + O + OC (doing),如:
①.Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window.
忽然他听见有人轻轻敲窗子。
②.On the top of the hill,he could see smoke rising from the
chimneys
in the village.
站在山顶上,他可以看到村里升起了缕缕炊烟。
③.When camping in the mountain, we had the fire burning all the
night.
在山上宿营时,我们让火彻夜燃烧。
2. 如果宾语与宾补之间逻辑上是动宾关系,则要用 V-ing 的被动形式“being done”,
构成的句型是:V + O + OC (being done),如:
①.You will find the matter being talked about all over the
town.
你会发现城里到处都在谈论这件事。
②.The boy liked to watch the boats being loaded and unloaded.
这男孩爱看轮船装卸货物。
③.At that time I saw the boy being tied to the pole.
当时我看见那个男孩在被绑在柱子上。
1. Holding a ____ stick, he went into the dark cave.
A. burning
B. burnt
C. burned
D. burn
A = a stick is burning
2. China, ____ about 9.6 million square kilometers, is one of
the
largest countries in the world.
A. covers
B. to cover C.
covering D. covered
C = which covers about …
3. Have you seen a girl ____ glasses ____ the room?
A. wearing; enter
B. putting on; enter
C. with; entered
D. in...entered
A = who is wearing … see sb do sth
4. Why do you only stand and watch the milk ___ over?
A. boiling
B. boiled
C. from boiling
D. being boiled
A watch sb/sth doing
5. You shouldn't leave her ____ outside in the rain.
A. waiting
B. waited C. wait
D. to wait
A leave sb doing sth
6. ---I can't get my car ____ on cold mornings.
---Have you tried ____ the radiator
with hot water?
A. started; to fill B.
starting; filling
C. start; filling
D. to start; filling
D get sb/sth to do sth try doing sth
7. Mother caught the boy ____ in the corner.
A. smoke
B. to smoke C. smoking
D. being smoked
C catch sb doing sth (偶然)看见某人在做某事
8. ---Do you hear someone ____ at the door?
---Yes, I did, I heard him ____ three
times.
A. knock; knock
B. knocking;
knocking;
C. knock; knocking D.
knocking; knock
D hear sb doing sth; hear sb do sth
9. When I got there, I found him ____ farm tools.
A. repair
B. to repair
C. repairing
D. repaired
C. find sb doing sth
10. The two cheats ____ the candles ____ all day and all
night.
A. make; burn
B. caused; to burn
C. had; burning D. had;
burn
C have sb/sth doing sth
11. Soft drinks ____ now on TV by CocaCola are very attractive
to
customers.
A. advertised
B. being advertised
C. to be advertised
D. advertising
B = which are being advertised now
12. ____ water is too hot for you to drink.
A. Boiling
B. To be boiling
C. Boiled D. Being
boiled
A boiling water 正烧开的水;boiled water开水
13. I can see ____ leaves flying with the wind.
A. fallen
B. falling
C. fall D. fell
B falling leaves
落叶;falling leaves 已落地叶
14. Did you notice the boy ____ at a ____ speed?
A. run; surprising
B. running;
surprised
C. ran; surprising
D. running;
surprising
D notice sb doing sth; at a surprising speed 惊人的速度
15.---Who were those people with the flags?
---A group ____ itself the League of
Peace.
A. calls B. calling C. called D.
being called
B = A group which calls itself the League of Peace.
16. We've built a new studium, ____ more than 5000 people.
A. seated
B. seating
C. sitting D. to
hold
B = ...studium,which seats...