名词性从句
2008-04-17 09:31阅读：
名词性从句
I. 引导名词性从句的连接词
1． 连接词that的用法（I ）
A.
that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，不能省略；引导宾语从句时，则可省略。that 无词义。
B.
〔主语 + be + that…〕
→that不可省略。
C.
〔The reason(主语) + be +
that…〕 →that不要使用because / because of等短语。
例句：
（1）主语从句：
That he
is a rich man is known to all in the city.
That food is related to illness is not a new
discovery.
That Tom
didn’t pass the exam made his father very angry.
It is known
to all
that China is a great country with a long history.
It is
reported
that No.11 Typhoon will arrive in Shanghai
soon.
It worried
her a bit
that her hair was turning grey.
（2）
表语从句：
The problem is
that we don’t have enough
hands.
The reason why he has been such a success is
that he never gives up.
His suggestion is
that we (should) hold another
meeting to discuss the problem.
(3) 同位语从句：
同位语从句通常位于news, idea, suggestion, order, request,
hope, wish, promise, fact等词后，以说明其内容。
We all know the fact
that he used to be a
thief.
His suggestion that you should try again is
right.
He gave us the order
that we (should) start at
once.
He made a promise
that he would buy a new
bicycle for his son.
The idea
that modern art can only be seen in museums is
mistaken.
…it gave me the impression
that it was about to
leap out at me.
(让我觉得它好像要跳出柜门朝我扑过来似的。)
(4) 宾语从句
He said
(that) he had bought a new
computer.
I told him
(that) he couldn’t go to the museum
with us.
He made it clear
that everyone should obey the
school rules.
2. 连接词that的用法（II ）
A.
〔that + 完整句子〕→同位语性质The news
that our team won the match excited us.
B.
〔that + 不完整句子〕→定语从句 The
news
that you told me made me excited.
C.
that 在〔S. + V. + it +
宾语补语 + that 从句〕的句型中，that不能省略。
D.
由对等连词and或but所连接的两个作宾语的从句中的第一个that可以省略，但第二个that不能省略.
II.
连词whether 和if
whether可引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句合同位语从句，if只引导宾语从句。
If,
whether的相同与不同
A.
if与whether的相同
I wonder
if…
|
= I wonder whether…
|
I see
if…
|
= I see whether…
|
I ask
if…
|
= I ask whether…
|
I try
if…
|
= I try whether…
|
I don’t know
if…
|
= I don’t know whether…
|
B.
If与whether与的不同
Right:
whether… or not
Wrong:
|
if… or not
|
Whether …
is…
|
If… is…
|
…is
whether…
|
… is if…
|
whether to go or
not
|
if to go or not
|
主语从句
: Whether he will attend the meeting is
not important.
=
It is not important w
hether he will attend the meeting
表语从句：My question is
whether they have read the novel.
同位语从句：I have no idea
whether we can get there on time.
Your question
whether Tom will marry Jenny is hard to
answer.
宾语从句：He asked me
whether/ if I could play basketball.
III. 疑问代词、疑问形容词及疑问副词可以引导名词性从句
疑问代词、疑问形容词及疑问副词可以引导名词性从句，并在句中担任主语、宾语（包括介词宾语）、表语。
who, whom, what, which, whoever, whomever,
whatever, whichever, when, where, how, why, wherever, however,
etc.
（1）主语从句：
What caused the fire is still a mystery.
Who was responsible for the fire is not yet clear.
How the book will sell depends on its author.
Wherever he once lived is well preserved.
When they will build the new school hasn’t been decided
yet。
（2）表语从句
The question is
why he likes the place so much.
The problem is not
who will go but who will stay.
What I want to know is
when you can put this plan into
practice.
（3）同位语从句
My original question
why he did it at all has not been
answered.
Have you any idea
how soon they are coming.
I have no idea
where Mr. Baker comes from.
（4）宾语从句
Please explain
why this is impossible.
Can you tell me
who is responsible for the fire?
I can’t imagine
what made him act like that.
Eat
whichever one you like and leave the others for
whoever comes in late.
She asked me
where I was off to.
I wondered
how he could make such rapid progress in his study of
French.
Before I came downstairs I had prepared myself very carefully for
what I must say.
You must give it back to
whomever it belongs to.
III. what可看作是本身兼作先行词的关系代词
|
the person that… He isn’t
what he used to be.
|
1. what =
|
the thing that… He
gave what he had bought to the old man.
the place that… They came to what used to be a
temple.
|
|
all that…
I’ll tell you what I know
about this matter.
|
|
all…
|
2. 〔what + 名词〕使意思具体、明确，这时what兼有连接词、形容词和冠词三种功能。
I gave him
what money I had with me.
→I gave him
all the money I had with me.
what = all the; what money = all the money.
IV. 复合关系代名词的用法
1. 定义
A.
在who/ which/ what/
whose等代词后加上(e)ver即成复合关系代词。
B.
复合关系代词本身兼作先行词和关系代词。
C.
复合关系代词引出的从句可作名词，充当主语，宾语等；还可作副词用，充当状语从句。
2．用法：
A. 〔 复合关系词 =
先行词 + 关系代词 〕
what = 先行词 + which / that
whoever = anyone who
whichever = anything that
whosever = anyone whose
=
any that
whomever = anyone whom
= either one that
whatever = anything that
= either thing that
No matter who leaves the room last, he ought to turn off the
light.
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the
light.
=
Anyone who leaves the room last ought to turn off the
light.
B. whoever;
whosever; whomever; whichever等复合关系代词的名词用法
（a）
Whoever
(=Anyone who) comes first may take it.
（b）
You may do
whatever (=anything that) you like.
（c）
Return the book
to whosever (= anyone whose) name is on it.
（d）
You had better
see the men for yourself and choose whichever (=anyone of them that
) you like.
C. whoever; whosever;
whomever; whichever等复合关系代词的副词用法
whoever = no matter who
whosever = no matter whose
whomever= no matter whom
whichever= no matter which
whatever= no matter what
用来表示让步状语从句：
(a)
Whatever ( = no matter what) your
problems are, they can’t be worse than mine.
(b)
Whoever(No matter who)
