2010年考研英语（二）大纲新题型样题
2010-06-19 17:46阅读：
2010年考研英语（二）大纲新题型样题
Sample 1
（多项对应）
Directions:
Read the following text and answer questions by finding
information from the right column that corresponds to each of the
marked details given in the left column. There are two extra
choices in the left column. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET
1
The world economy
has run into a brick wall. Despite countless warnings in recent
years about the need to address a looming hunger crisis in poor
countries and a looming energy crisis worldwide, world leaders
failed to think ahead. The result is a global food crisis. Wheat,
corn and rice prices have more than doubled in the past two years,
and oil prices have more than tripled since the start of
2004. These food-price increases combing with soaring energy costs
will slow if not stop economic growth in many parts of the world
and will even undermine political stability, as evidenced by the
protest riots that have erupted in places like Haiti, Bangladesh
and Burkina Faso. Practical solutions to these growing woes do
exist, but we’ll have to start thinking ahead and acting
globally.
The crisis has its
roots in four interlinked trends. The first is the chronically low
productivity of farmers in the poorest countries, caused by their
inability to pay for seeds, fertilizers and irrigation. The second
is the misguided policy in the U.S. and Europe of subsidizing the
diversion of food crops to produce biofuels like corn-based
ethanol. The third is climate change; take the recent droughts in
Australia and Europe, which cut the global production of grain in
2005 and 2006. The fourth is the growing global demand for food and
feed grains brought on by swelling populations and incomes. In
short, rising demand has hit a limited supply, with the poor taking
the hardest blow.
So, what
should be done? Here are three steps to ease the current crisis and
avert the potential for a global disaster. The first is to scale-up
the dramatic success of Malawi, a famine-prone country in southern
Africa, which three years ago established a special fund to help
its farmers get fertilizer and high-yield seeds. Malawi’s harvest
doubled after just one year. An international fund based on the
Malawi model would cost a mere $10 per person annually in the rich
world, or $10 billion in all. Such a fund could fight hunger as
effectively as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, TB and malaria is
controlling those diseases.
Second, the U.S. and
Europe should abandon their policies of subsidizing the conversion
of food into biofuels. The U.S. government gives farmers a
taxpayer-financed subsidy of 51 cents per gal of ethanol to divert
corn from the food and feed-grain supply. There may be a case for
biofuels produced on lands that do not produce foods-tree crops
(like palm oil), grasses and wood products-but there’s no case for
doling out subsidies to put the world’s dinner into the gas tank.
Third, we urgently need to weatherproof the world’s crops as soon
and as effectively as possible. For a poor farmer, sometimes
something as simple as a farm pond-which collects rainwater to be
used for emergency irrigation in a dry spell- can make the
difference between a bountiful crop and a famine. The world has
already committed to establishing a Climate Adaptation Fund to help
poor regions climate-proof vital economic activities such as food
production and health care but has not yet upon the
promise.
|
A: poor
countries
|
41: Anti-hunger campaigns are
successful in
|
B: all the
world
|
42: Production of biofuels are
subsidized in
|
C: the Climate Adaptation
Fund
|
43: Protest riots occurred
in
|
D: the Global Fund to Fight
AIDS, TB and Malaria
|
44: The efforts were not so
successful with
|
E: Bangladesh
|
45: Food shortage become more
serious in
|
F: Malawi
|
|
G: the US and
Europe
|
Key Answer: F G E C
A
Sample 2
（小标题）
Directions:
Read the following text and answer questions by finding a
subtitle for each of the marked parts or paragraphs. There are two
extra items in the subtitles. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET
1.
A: Follow on lines
B: Whisper: Keep It to Yourself
C: Word of Experience: Stick to It
D: Code of Success: Freed and Targeted
E: Efficient Work to Promote Efficient Workers
F: Recipe: Simplicity Means Everything
G: Efficiency Comes from Orders
Every decade has its
defining self-help business book. In the 1940s it was How to Win
Friends and Influence People, in the 1990s The Seven Habits
of Highly Successful People. These days we’re worried about
something much simpler: Getting Things Done
41__________________________________
That’s the title of
productivity guru David Allen’ pithy 2001 treatise on working
efficiently, which continues to resonate in this decade’
overworked, overwhelmed, overteched workplace. Allen hasn’t just
sold 500,000 copies of his book. He has preached his message of
focus, discipline and creativity everywhere from Sony and Novartis
to the World Bank and the U.S. Air Force. He counsels swamped chief
executives on coping with information overload. He ministers to
some clients with an intensive, two-day, $6,000 private session in
which he and his team organize their lives from top to bottom. And
he has won the devotions of acolytes who document on their blogs
how his Getting Things Done (GTO) program has changed their
lives.
42.______________________________________
Allen admits that much of his
basic recipe is common sense. Free your mind, and productivity will
follow. Break down projects and goals into discrete, definable
actions, and you won’t be bothered by all those loose threads
pulling at your attention. First make decisions about what needs to
get done, and then fashion a plan for doing it. If you’ve
catalogued everything you have to do and all your long-term goals,
Allen says, you’re less likely to wake up at 3 a.m. worrying about
whether you’ve forgotten something: “Most people haven’t realized
how out of control their head is when they get 300 e-mails a day
and each of them has potential meaning.”
43.
_____________________________________________________
When e-mails, phones
calls and to-to lists are truly under control, Allen says, the real
change begins. You will finally be able to use your mind to dream
up great ideas and enjoy your life rather than just occupy it with
all the things you’ve got to do. Allen himself, despite running a
$5.5 million consulting practice, traveling 200 days a year and
juggling a business that’s growing 40% every years, finds time to
joyride in his Mini Cooper and sculpt bonsai plants. Oh, and he had
earned his black belt in karate.
44.__________________________________________
Few companies
have embraced Allen’s philosophy as thoroughly as General Mills,
the Minnesota-based maker of Cheerios and Lucky Charms. Allen began
at the company with a couple of private coaching sessions for top
executives, who raved about his guidance. Allen and his staff now
hold six to eight two-day training sessions a year. The company has
already put more than 2,000 employees through GTD training and
plans to expand it company-wide. “Fads come and go,” says Kevin
Wilde, General Mills’ CEO, “but this continuous to
work.”
45.___________________________________________________________
The most
fevered followers of Allen’s organizational methodology gather
online. Websites like gtdindex, marvelz, corn parse. Allen’s every
utterance. The 43 Folders blog ran an eight-part pod-cast interview
with him. GTD enthusiasts like Frank Meeuwsen, on
whatsthenextaction. Com gather best practice techniques for
implementing the book’s ideas. More than 60 software tools have
been built specifically to supplement Allen’s system.
Key Answer: E D G C
A
Sample 3
（判断正误）
Directions:
Read the following text and answer questions by deciding
each of the statements after the text is True or False. Choose T if
the statement is true or F if the statement is not true. Mark your
answer on ANSWER SHEET 1
A Tree Project Helps the Genes of Champions Live
On
As an eagle
wheels overhead against a crystalline blue sky, Martin Flanagan
walks toward a grove of towering cottonwood trees beside the
Yellowstone River, which is the color of chocolate milk due to the
spring rain.
As Mr.
Flanagan leaves the glaring sun of the prairie and enters the shady
grove, his eyes search for specific tree. As he reaches a
narrow-leaf cottonwood, a towering giant, he cranes his neck to
look at the top, “This is the one I plan to nominate for state
champion,” he says, petting the bark with his hand. “It’s a beauty,
isn’t?”
When
Europeans first came to North America, one of the largest primeval
forests in the world covered much of the continent. Experts say a
squirrel could have traveled from the Atlantic coast to the
Mississippi River without touching the ground. But only about 3
percent of America’s native old-growth forest remains, and many of
the trees they hold are those that were not big enough to attract a
logger’s eye. The result is a generation of trees that barely
resemble the native forests that once covered the
country.
That makes
some scientists suspect that the surviving forests have lost much
of their genetic quality, the molecular muscle that made them
dominate the landscape. When the loggers swept through, these
scientists say, only poor specimens were left to reproduce. Other
researchers wonder whether environmental factors or just plain luck
may explain a good part of the supertrees’ success.
To
answer those questions, the mightiest trees of their types, or
genetically identical offspring, must be preserved for study, and
that is what is being done by a handful of enthusiasts, including
Mr. Flanagan and David Milarch, a nurseryman Copemish, Michigan.
They are searching out the largest tree of each species and taking
cuttings of new growth to make copies of genetic clones of the
giants. With tissue culture and grafting, they have reproduced 52
of the 827 living giants and are planting the offspring in what
they call “living libraries.” More than 20,000 offspring have been
planted.
The work is
part of the Champion Tree Project, which began in 1996 with
financial help from the National Tree Trust, a nonprofit group in
Washington.
“Those big
trees are the last links to the boreal forests,” Mr. Milarch,
presidents of the champion Tree Project, said.
State
and federal agencies and private organizations have been keeping
track of the largest trees in each state for some time. The largest
effort is the National Register of Big Trees, run by American
Forests, a 125-year-old nonprofit group based in Washington. But
the Champion Tree Project takes things a step further by making it
possible for the largest trees to live on.
Eventually
the Champion Tree Project hopes to reproduce enough genetically
superior trees for a nationwide reforestation project. The
offspring of the native trees, should they prove genetically
superior, could be especially valuable in urban settings, where the
average tree lives just 7 to 10 years. But things like soil
conditions, moisture and other environmental factors can also
affect the success of the trees.
41. Water in the Yellowstone River turned dark brown because
of the spring rain.
42. The cottonwood tree Mr. Flanagan found was an extremely
tall tree with broad leaves.
43. In the days when Europeans first came to America, it had
one of the largest primeval forests in the world.
44. Some scientists have the suspicion that the surviving
forests have lost much of their genetic quality because they were
the offspring of poor specimens.
45. The offspring of the supertrees have proved to be
genetically superior to those of the average trees.
Key Answer: T F T T
F
