阅读理解解题指导——猜测词义题（二）
2009-10-19 13:09阅读：
阅读理解解题指导
第四讲 猜测词义题（二）
Passage 3（08广东A）
Parents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music, and
are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and
his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together
and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he
remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he
was a teenager.
“I would never have said to my mom, ‘Hey, the new Weezer album is
really great. How do you like it?’” says Ballmer. “There was just a
complete gap in taste.”
Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to
activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and
children often appeared to move in separate orbits.
Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting
narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and
drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are
comfortable and common. And parent—c
hild activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feeling of
trust and friendship that can continue into adulthood.
No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my
best friend.”
But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in
less respect for parents. “There’s still a lot of strictness and
authority on the part of parents out there, but there is a change
happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley
College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion
among parents.”
Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving
roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turning point. Great
cultural changes led to more open communication and a more
democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say.
“My parents were on the ‘before’ side of that change, but today’s
parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the ‘after’ side,”
explains Mr. Ballmer. “It’s not something easily accomplished by
parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or
deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a
parent now.”
1. The underlined word “gulf” in Para.3 most probably means
_________.
A. interest B. distance
C. difference
D. separation
2. Which of the following shows that the generation gap is
disappearing?
A. Parents help their children develop interests in more
activities.
B. Parents put more trust in their children’s abilities.
C. Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs.
D. Parents share more interests with their children.
3. The change in today’s parent-child relationship is
_________.
A. more confusion among parents B. new
equality between parents and children
C.1ess respect for parents from children
D. more strictness and authority on the part of parents
4. By saying “today’s parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the
‘after’ side.” the author means that today’s parents
_________.
A. follow the trend of the change B. can
set a limit to the change
C. fail to take the change seriously D. have little
difficulty adjusting to the change
5. The purpose of the passage is to _________.
A. describe the difficulties today’s parents have met with
B. discuss the development of the parent—child relationship
C. suggest the ways to handle the parent—child relationship
D. compare today’s parent—child relationship with that in the
past
Passage 4 （08全国ⅠB）
More than 10 years ago, it was difficult to buy a tasty pineapple
(菠萝).The fruits that made it to the UK were green on the outside
and, more often than not, hard with an unpleasant taste within.
Then in 1996,the Del Monte Gold pineapple produced in Hawaii first
hit our shelves.
The new type of pineapple looked more yellowy-gold
than green It was slightly softer on the outside and had a lot of
juice inside. But the most important thing about this new type of
pineapple was that it was twice as sweet as the hit-and-miss
pineapples we had known. In no time, the Del Monte Gold took the
market by storm, rapidly becoming the world’s best-selling
pineapple variety, and delivering natural levels of sweetness in
the mouth, up until then only found in tinned pineapple.
In nutrition(营养)it was all good news too. This
nice-tasting pineapple contained four times more vitamin C
(维生素C)than the old green variety. Nutritionists said that it was
not only full of vitamins, but also good against some diseases.
People were understandably eager to be able to buy this wonderful
fruit. The new type of pineapple was selling fast and the Del Monte
Gold pineapple rapidly became a fixture in the shopping
basket of the healthy eater.
Seeing the growing market for its winning
pineapple, Del Monte tried to keep the market to itself But other
fruit companies developed similar pineapples. Del Monte turned to
law for help, but failed. Those companies argued successfully that
Del Monte’s attempts to keep the golden pineapple for itself were
just a way to knock them out of the market.
1. We learn from the text that the new type of pineapple is
.
A. green outside and sweet inside
B. good-looking outside and soft
inside
C. yellowy-gold outside and hard inside D.
a little soft outside and sweet inside
2. Why was the new type of pineapple selling well?
A. It was rich in nutrition and tasted nice. B. It
was less sweet and good for health.
C. It was developed by Del Monte.
D. It was used is
medicine
3. The underlined word “fixture” in Paragraph probably refers to
something
.
A. that people enjoy eating
B. that is always present
C. that is difficult to get
D.
that people use as a gift
4. We learn from the last paragraph that Del Monte
.
A. allowed other companies to develop pineapples
B. succeeded in keeping the pineapple for itself
C. tried hard to control the pineapple market
D. planned to help the other companies
Passage 5 （08全国ⅡC）
Do you know of anyone who uses the truth to deceive (欺骗)? When
someone tells you something that is true, but leaves out important
in formation that should be included, he can give you a false
picture.
For example, some might say, “I just won a hundred dollars on the
lottery (彩票). It was great. I took that dollar ticket back to the
store and turned it in for one hundred dollars!”
This guy’s a winner, right? Maybe, maybe not. We then discover that
he bought $200 worth of tickets, and only on e was a winner. He’s
really a big loser!
He didn’t say anything that was false, but he left out important
information on purpose. That’s called a half-truth. Half-truths are
not technically lies, but they are just as dishonest.
Some politicians often use this trick. Let’s say that during
Governor Smith’s last term, her state lost one million jobs and
gained three million jobs. Then she seeks another term. One of her
opponents(对手) says, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state lost
one million jobs!” that’s true. However, and honest statement would
have been, “During Governor Smith’s term, the state had a net
gain of two million jobs.”
Advertisers(广告商) will sometimes use half-truths. It’s against the
law to make false statements so they try to mislead you with the
truth. An advertisement might say, “Nine out of ten doctors advised
their patients to take Yucky Pills to cure toothache.” It fails to
mention that they only asked ten doctors and nine of them work for
the Yucky Company.
This kind of deception happens too of often. It’s a sad fact of
life: Lies are lies, and sometimes the truth can lie as well.
1. How much did the lottery winner lose?
A. One hundred dollars.
B. Two hundred dollars.
C. Three hundred dollars.
D. Four hundred dollars.
2. We may infer that the author believes people should
_______.
A. buy lottery tickets
B. make use of half-truths
C. not take anything at face value
D. not trust the Yucky Company
3. What do the underline words “net gain” in Paragraph 5
mean?
A. final increase B. big advantage
C. large share
D. total saving
4. What can we know from the example of the Yucky Pill
advertisement?
A. False statements are easy to see through.
B. Half-truths are often used to mislead people.
C. Doctors like to act in advertisements.
D. Advertisements are based on facts.
Passage 6 （08北京C）
Dear Hamilton,
We are fortunate that in such a large,
high-pressure office we all get along so well. You are one of the
people who keep the social temperature at such a comfortable
setting. I don’t know anyone in the office who is better liked than
you.
You can perhaps help with this. The
collection of contributions towards gifts for employees’
personal-life events is becoming a little troubling. Certainly, the
group sending of a gift is reasonable now and then. In the past
month, however, there have been collections for two baby shower
gifts, one wedding shower gift, two wedding gifts, one
funeral（葬礼）remembrance, four birthday gifts, and three graduation
gifts.
It’s not only the collected-from who are growing
uncomfortable (and poor), but the collected-for feel uneasy
receiving gifts from people who don’t know them outside the office,
who wouldn’t even recognize their graduating children, their
marrying daughters and sons, or their dead relatives.
This is basically a kind gesture (and one
that people think well of you for), but the practice seems to have
become too wide-ranging and feels improper in today’s office
setting.
Thank you for understanding.
1. The underlined word “contributions” probably means
________.
A. money B. suggestions C. reports
D. understanding
2. Hamilton is expected to _______.
A. show more kindness.
B. discontinue the present practice
C. quit being the organizer for gift giving
D. know more about co-workers’ families
3. This is basically a letter of ________.
A. apology B.
sympathy C. appreciation
D. dissatisfaction
Passage7（08天津D）
We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively（被动地）. We
achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an
idea, or by reasoning.
We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most
of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that
happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is
passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not
surprising that we depend on it in our everyday
communication with friends and co-workers.
Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us
tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than
hearsay and rumor(谣言).
Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes
down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person
whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in
turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the
people playing the game. The last person writes down the message
word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written
statements are compared. Typically, the original message has
changed.
That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people
repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too,
most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own
creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it,
stamping（打上标记）it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear
it think they know.
This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement
of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who
may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may
continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on
which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the
interpretation he placed upon those facts.
1. According to the passage, passive learning may occur in
_______.
A. doing a medical experiment
B. solving a math problem
C. visiting an exhibition
D. doing scientific
reasoning
2. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to
_____.
A. active learning B.
knowledge C. communication
D. passive learning
3. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _____.
A. a message may be changed when being passed on
B. a message should be delivered in different ways
C. people may have problems with their sense of
hearing
D. people tend not to believe in what they know as
rumor
4. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Active learning is less important.
B. Passive learning may not be reliable.
C. Active learning occurs more frequently.
D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.
Passage 8（08浙江D）
For a while, my neighborhood was taken ever by an army of
joggers(慢跑者). They were there all the time: early morning, noon,
and evening. There were little old ladies in gray sweats, young
couples in Adidas shoes, middle-aged men with red faces. “Come on!”
My friend Alex encouraged me to join him as he jogged by my house
every evening. “You’ll feel great.”
Well, I had nothing against feeling great
and if Alex could jog every day, anyone could. So I took up jogging
seriously and gave it a good two months of my life, and not a day
more. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form
of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who
left our neighborhood jogging army. I’m not alone in my
opinion.
First of all, jogging is very hard on the body.
Your legs and feet a real pounding（追击）ruining down a road for two
or three miles. I developed foot, leg, and back problems. Then I
read about a nationally famous jogger who died of a heart attack
while jogging, and I had something else to worry about. Jogging
doesn’t kill hundreds of people, but if you have any physical
weaknesses, jogging will surely bring them out, as they did
with me.
Secondly, I got no enjoyment out of jogging.
Putting one foot in front of the other for forty-five minutes isn’t
my idea of fun. Jogging is also a lonely pastime. Some joggers say,
“I love being out there with just my thoughts.” Well, my thoughts
began to bore me, and most of them were on how much my legs
hurt.
And how could I enjoy something that
brought me pain? And that wasn’t just the first week: it was
practically every day for two months. I never got past the pain
level, and pain isn’t fun. What a cruel way to do it! So many other
exercises, including walking, lead to almost the same results
painlessly, so why jog?
I don’t jog any more, and I don’t think I ever
will. I’m walking two miles three times a week at a fast pace, and
that feels good. I bicycle to work when the weather is good. I’m
getting exercise, and I’m enjoying it at the same time. I could
never say the same for jogging, and I’ve found a lot of better ways
to stay in shape.
1. From the first paragraph, we learn that in the writer’s
neighborhood ______.
A. jogging became very popular
B. people jogged only during the daytime
C. Alex organized an army of joggers
D. jogging provided a chance to get
together
2. The underlined word “them” (Paragraph 3) most probably refers
to _____.
A. heart attacks
B. Back problems
C. famous joggers
D. physical weaknesses
3. What was the writer’s attitude towards jogging in the
beginning?
A. He felt it was worth a try. B. He was very fond
of it.
C. He was strongly against it. D. He thought it
must be painful.
4. Why did the writer give up jogging two months later?
A. He disliked doing exercise outside.
B. He found it neither healthy nor interesting.
C. He was afraid of having a heart attack.
D. He was worried about being left alone.
5. From the writer’s experience, we can conclude that______.
A. not everyone enjoys jogging
B. he is the only person who hates jogging
C. nothing other than jogging can help people keep fit
D. jogging makes people feel greater than any other sport.
Passage1 BCD passage 2 CBCAC
passage 3 BDBAB passage 4 DABC
passage 5 ACAB
passage 6 ABD
passage 7 CDAB
passage 8 ADABA
